Back نقص النمو Arabic Retard en el creixement Catalan Retraso en el crecimiento Spanish رشد بازمانده Persian Retard de croissance French Hambatan pertumbuhan ID Fîflinne WA
| Stunted growth | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Stunting, nutritional stunting |
 | |
| World map in 2016 showing the percentage of children who are stunted in each country | |
| Specialty | Pediatrics |
Stunted growth, also known as stunting or linear growth failure, is defined as impaired growth and development manifested by low height-for-age.[1] It is a manifestation of malnutrition and can be caused by endogenous factors (such as chronic food insecurity) or exogenous factors (such as parasitic infection). Stunting is largely irreversible if occurring in the first 1000 days from conception to two years of age.[2] The international definition of childhood stunting is a child whose height-for-age value is at least 2 standard deviations below the median of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Child Growth Standards.[3] Stunted growth is associated with poverty, maternal undernutrition, poor health, frequent illness, or inappropriate feeding practices and care during the early years of life.[1]
As of 2020[update], an estimated 149 million children under 5 years of age are stunted worldwide.[4] More than 85% of the world's stunted children live in Asia and Africa.[5] Once established, stunting and its effects typically become permanent. Stunted children may never regain the height lost as a result of stunting, and most children will never gain the corresponding body weight.
- ^ a b "Malnutrition". www.who.int. Retrieved 2023-02-15.
- ^ Gabain, Isobel L.; Ramsteijn, Anouschka S.; Webster, Joanne P. (March 2023). "Parasites and childhood stunting – a mechanistic interplay with nutrition, anaemia, gut health, microbiota, and epigenetics". Trends in Parasitology. 39 (3): 167–180. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2022.12.004. hdl:2164/20336. ISSN 1471-4922. PMID 36707340 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
- ^ de Onis, Mercedes; Dewey, Kathryn G.; Borghi, Elaine; Onyango, Adelheid W.; Blössner, Monika; Daelmans, Bernadette; Piwoz, Ellen; Branca, Francesco (September 2013). "The World Health Organization's global target for reducing childhood stunting by 2025: rationale and proposed actions". Maternal & Child Nutrition. 9 (S2): 6–26. doi:10.1111/mcn.12075. ISSN 1740-8695. PMC 6860845. PMID 24074315.
- ^ nina (2022-07-06). "The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022". UNICEF DATA. Retrieved 2023-02-15.
- ^ Local Burden of Disease Child Growth Failure Collaborators (January 2020). "Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries". Nature. 577 (7789): 231–234. Bibcode:2020Natur.577..231L. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1878-8. PMC 7015855. PMID 31915393.