Back Oberschlundganglion German Ganglio sopraesofageo Italian Надглоточный ганглий Russian 上食道神經節 Chinese
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2016) |
The supraesophageal ganglion (also "supraoesophageal ganglion", "arthropod brain" or "microbrain"[1]) is the first part of the arthropod, especially insect, central nervous system. It receives and processes information from the first, second, and third metameres. The supraesophageal ganglion lies dorsal to the esophagus and consists of three parts, each a pair of ganglia that may be more or less pronounced, reduced, or fused depending on the genus:
- The protocerebrum, associated with the eyes (compound eyes and ocelli).[2] Directly associated with the eyes is the optic lobe, as the visual center of the brain.
- The deutocerebrum processes sensory information from the antennae.[2][3] It consists of two parts, the antennal lobe and the dorsal lobe.[3][4][5] The dorsal lobe also contains motor neurons which control the antennal muscles.[6]
- The tritocerebrum integrates sensory inputs from the previous two pairs of ganglia.[2] The lobes of the tritocerebrum split to circumvent the esophagus and begin the subesophageal ganglion.
The subesophageal ganglion continues the nervous system and lies ventral to the esophagus. Finally, the segmental ganglia of the ventral nerve cord are found in each body segment as a fused ganglion; they provide the segments with some autonomous control.
A locust brain dissection to expose the central brain and carry out electro-physiology recordings can be seen here.[7]
- ^ Makoto Mizunami, Fumio Yokohari, Masakazu Takahata (1999). "Exploration into the Adaptive Design of the Arthropod "Microbrain"". Zoological Science. 16 (5): 703–709. doi:10.2108/zsj.16.703. S2CID 86501328.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c Meyer, John R. "The Nervous System". General Entomology course at North Carolina State University. Department of Entomology NC State University. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ^ a b Homberg, U; Christensen, T A; Hildebrand, J G (1989). "Structure and Function of the Deutocerebrum in Insects". Annual Review of Entomology. 34: 477–501. doi:10.1146/annurev.en.34.010189.002401. PMID 2648971.
- ^ "Invertebrate Brain Platform". RIKEN BSI Neuroinformatics Japan Center.
- ^ "Deutocerebrum". Flybrain.
- ^ "Deutocerebrum". Invertebrate Brain Platform. Chelicerata, with their missing antennae, have a very reduced (or absent) deutocerebrum.
- ^ "Dissecting insect brain for in vivo electrophysiology". YouTube. 27 June 2021.