Back المجلس السياسي الأعلى (اليمن) Arabic Oberster Politischer Rat German Ανώτατο Πολιτικό Συμβούλιο Greek Consejo Político Supremo Spanish شورای عالی سیاسی Persian Ylin poliittinen neuvosto (Jemen) Finnish Conseil politique suprême French Dewan Politik Tertinggi (Yaman) ID 最高政治評議会 Japanese Conselho Político Supremo Portuguese

Supreme Political Council

Supreme Political Council
المجلس السياسي الأعلى
Overview
Established28 July 2016 (2016-07-28)
PolityHouthi-controlled territories of Yemen
Leader
MinistriesGovernment of Change and Construction
HeadquartersSanaa
Websiteyemen.gov.ye (dead)
(27 April 2021 archive)

The Supreme Political Council (SPC; Arabic: المجلس السياسي الأعلى al-Majlis as-Siyāsiyy al-ʾAʿlā) is an extraconstitutional[1] collective head of state and executive established in 2016 in Sanaa by the Houthi movement and the pro-Houthi faction of the General People's Congress (GPC) to rule Yemen opposed to the Presidential Leadership Council (PLC) in Aden. The SPC carries out the functions of head of state in Yemen, appointing the country's cabinet and managing the Yemen's state affairs in a bid to fill in political vacuum during the Yemeni Civil War.[2] The Council aims to outline a basis for running the country and managing state affairs on the basis of the constitution.[3][4] Since 2018 the SPC has been headed by Mahdi al-Mashat as Chairman of the Council.[4]

The SPC was formed on 28 July 2016 with an initial ten members and was headed by Saleh Ali al-Sammad as president and Qassem Labozah as vice-president. The members were sworn in on 14 August 2016,[5] and the next day the Supreme Revolutionary Committee (SRC) handed power to the Supreme Political Council.[6] After al-Sammad was killed in a drone strike on 19 April 2018, chairmanship of the SPC passed to Mahdi al-Mashat. Under the SPC is subordinate the Cabinet of Yemen, which it appoints and supervises government officials who oversee relevant ministries; since 2016 two governments have been established under the council. In 2016 the SPC appointed former Aden governor Abdel-Aziz bin Habtour to form a ministry known as the National Salvation Government (NSG).[7] In September 2023 the NSG was dismissed and replaced by a caretaker administration which continued to be headed by Habtour. In August 2024 a Presidential resolution appointed Ahmad al-Rahawi as the head of a new ministry known as the 'Government of Change and Construction' (GCC).[8][9] Eight days later the House of Representatives (in Sanaa) approved the cabinet and called for a 36-point 'general program'.[10]

The SPC remains internationally unrecognized compared to the PLC in Aden and is acknowledged only by Iran, with the Houthis placing an ambassador to Iran in August 2019.[3][11][12] The formation of the SPC has been condemned by the International Community; with the United Nations (UN) officially describing the act as "a clear violation of the Yemeni constitution" and denounced the council for sabotaging the Yemeni peace process.[3][13][14]

  1. ^ Sohrabi, Naghmeh; Rossoukh, Ramyar D.; Cohen, Robert L. (October 2024). "Consolidation Through Crackdown: Understanding Houthi Rule in Yemen" (PDF). Crown Center for Middle East Studies. 161. Brandeis University: 8.
  2. ^ "Yemen: Ansar Allah signs agreement with Saleh's party creating supreme political council – Middle East Confidential". 29 July 2016. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  3. ^ a b c "Yemen: Houthi, Saleh council formation criticised by UN". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  4. ^ a b "Saba Net – Yemen news agency". 6 August 2016. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  5. ^ "Saba Net – Yemen news agency". Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
  6. ^ "Saba Net – Yemen news agency". Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
  7. ^ "Yemen's Houthis ask former Aden governor to form government". Reuters. 2 October 2016. Archived from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
  8. ^ "Yemen: Supreme Political Council tasks Ahmad Al-Rahwi to lead new government". Middle East Monitor. 12 August 2024. Retrieved 29 November 2024.
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference :3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ "Yemen Shiite Rebels Appoint an Ambassador to Iran for First Time". Bloomberg. 18 August 2019. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2019 – via www.bloomberg.com.
  12. ^ "North Korea's Balancing Act in the Persian Gulf". HuffPost. 17 August 2015. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  13. ^ "Yemen: Houthi, Saleh council formation criticised by UN". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
  14. ^ "UN criticizes Houthi, Saleh council formation". Yemeni Media Center. 29 July 2016. Archived from the original on 25 July 2023.
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