Back عملية السلام السورية Arabic Acuerdos de paz entre el gobierno de Bashar al-Ásad y la oposición siria Spanish Syyrian sisällissodan rauhanvälitysyritykset Finnish Processus d'Astana French Astana Processus Italian Proses damai Syria Malay ਸੀਰੀਆਈ ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ ਪ੍ਰਕਿਰਿਆ Punjabi Попытки урегулирования сирийского конфликта Russian Suriye barış süreci Turkish
 | This article needs to be updated. (December 2024) |
| Part of a series on the Syrian civil war |
| Syrian peace process |
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The Syrian peace process is the ensemble of initiatives and plans to resolve the Syrian civil war, which began in 2011 and spilled beyond its borders. The peace process was moderated by the Arab League, the UN Special Envoy on Syria, Russia and Western powers.[1] The negotiating parties were representatives of the Syrian Ba'athist regime and the Syrian opposition. The Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria was excluded at the insistence of Turkey.[2][3] Radical Salafist forces including the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant have not engaged in any contacts on peaceful resolution to the conflict.
Attempts to find a solution to the Syrian conflict began in late 2011 with two unsuccessful Arab League initiatives. In January 2012 and November 2013, Russia suggested talks in Moscow between the Syrian government and the opposition. In March–May 2012, hopes were raised by an United Nations/Arab League plan coordinated by former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan.
In January and February 2014, the Geneva II Conference on Syria took place, organised by then-UN envoy to Syria Lakhdar Brahimi. On 30 October 2015, further talks started in Vienna involving officials from the U.S., the EU, Russia, China and various regional actors such as Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Turkey and, for the first time, Iran. Peace talks with rebel leadership continued in Astana, Kazakhstan in 2017.[4] The Kazakh officials offered Astana as a neutral venue and "a natural home" for peace negotiations on Syria.[5] The latest major effort to bring about an end to the war started in October 2019 in Geneva with the convening of the Syrian Constitutional Committee to draft a new constitution for Syria under the auspices of the United Nations.
Ultimately, the peace process failed to produce meaningful results before the Assad regime was toppled by force in December 2024.
- ^ Lundgren, Magnus (2016). "Mediation in Syria: initiatives, strategies, and obstacles, 2011–2016". Contemporary Security Policy. 37 (2): 273–288. doi:10.1080/13523260.2016.1192377. S2CID 156447200.
- ^ "Under pressure from Turkey, UN excludes PYD from Syria talks". Al-Monitor: The Pulse of the Middle East. 28 January 2016.
- ^ "Syria's Kurds protest exclusion from constitutional committee". France 24. 2 October 2019.
- ^ "Syria conflict: Rebels agree to attend Astana peace talks". BBC. Archived from the original on 30 September 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
- ^ "Kazakhstan Offers Astana As Venue Of Syrian Peace Talks". InDepthNews. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2017.