Chemical element with atomic number 53 (I)
Iodine, 53 I Pronunciation (EYE -ə-dyne, -din, -deen Appearance lustrous metallic gray solid, black/violet liquid, violet gas
Atomic number (Z ) 53 Group group 17 (halogens) Period period 5 Block p-block Electron configuration [Kr ] 4d10 5s2 5p5 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 18, 7 Phase at STP solid Melting point (I2 ) 386.85 K (113.7 °C, 236.66 °F) Boiling point (I2 ) 457.4 K (184.3 °C, 363.7 °F) Density (at 20° C) 4.944 g/cm3 [ 3] Triple point 386.65 K, 12.1 kPa Critical point 819 K, 11.7 MPa Heat of fusion (I2 ) 15.52 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization (I2 ) 41.57 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity (I2 ) 54.44 J/(mol·K) Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
260
282
309
342
381
457
Oxidation states common: −1, +1, +3, +5, +7 [ 4] ? ? Electronegativity Pauling scale: 2.66 Ionization energies 1st: 1008.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1845.9 kJ/mol 3rd: 3180 kJ/mol Atomic radius empirical: 140 pm Covalent radius 139±3 pm Van der Waals radius 198 pm Spectral lines of iodineNatural occurrence primordial Crystal structure base-centered orthorhombic (oS8 ) Lattice constants a = 725.79 pmb = 478.28 pmc = 982.38 pm (at 20 °C)[ 3] Thermal expansion × 10−6 [ a] Thermal conductivity 0.449 W/(m⋅K) Electrical resistivity 1.3×107 Ω⋅m (at 0 °C) Magnetic ordering diamagnetic [ 5] Molar magnetic susceptibility × 10−6 3 /mol (298 K)[ 6] Bulk modulus 7.7 GPa CAS Number 7553-56-2 Discovery and first isolationBernard Courtois (1811)
Category: Iodine references
child table, as reused in {IB-I}
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Iodine" . CIAAW . 1985.^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure and Applied Chemistry . doi :10.1515/pac-2019-0603 . ISSN 1365-3075 . ^ a b c Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements . Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9 ^ I(II) is known to exist in monoxide (IO); see Nikitin, I V (31 August 2008). "Halogen monoxides". Russian Chemical Reviews . 77 (8): 739– 749. Bibcode :2008RuCRv..77..739N . doi :10.1070/RC2008v077n08ABEH003788 . S2CID 250898175 .
^ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds , in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press. ^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4 Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page ).
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