Template:Infobox praseodymium

	child table, as reused in {IB-Pr} v; e; h;
Main isotopes of praseodymium
ε	142Ce

Praseodymium, ₅₉Pr
Praseodymium
Pronunciation	/ˌpreɪziːəˈdɪmiəm/ (PRAY-zee-ə-DIM-ee-əm)
Appearance	grayish white
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Pr)
	140.90766±0.00001; 140.91±0.01 (abridged);
Praseodymium in the periodic table
	cerium ← praseodymium → neodymium
Atomic number (Z)	59
Group	f-block groups (no number)
Period	period 6
Block	f-block
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f3 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1204 K (931 °C, 1708 °F)
Boiling point	3403 K (3130 °C, 5666 °F)
Density (at 20° C)	6.773 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	6.50 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	6.89 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	331 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	27.20 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	common: +3; 0, +1, +2, +4,? +5
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.13
Ionization energies	1st: 527 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1020 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2086 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 182 pm
Covalent radius	203±7 pm
	Spectral lines of praseodymium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	double hexagonal close-packed (dhcp) (hP4)
Lattice constants	a = 0.36723 nm; c = 1.18328 nm (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	4.5×10−6/K (at 20 °C)
Thermal conductivity	12.5 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	poly: 0.700 µΩ⋅m (at r.t.)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	+5010.0×10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)
Young's modulus	37.3 GPa
Shear modulus	14.8 GPa
Bulk modulus	28.8 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	2280 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratio	0.281
Vickers hardness	250–745 MPa
Brinell hardness	250–640 MPa
CAS Number	7440-10-0
History
Discovery	Carl Auer von Welsbach (1885)
Isotopes of praseodymium v; e;
ε	142Ce
	Category: Praseodymium; view; talk; edit; \| references

Pr · Praseodymium
Ce ← ibox Ce	^iso ₅₉Pr [e] IB-Pr [e] IBisos [e]	→ Nd ibox Nd
cat:Pr (5) cat:Pr-isotopes (61) Commons Wikidata:Q1386 Wiktionary
indexes by PT (page) v e

Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers	view edit
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)	view edit
Top image (caption, alt)	view edit
Pronunciation	view edit
Allotropes (overview)	view edit
Group (overview)	view edit
Period (overview)	view edit
Block (overview)	view edit
Natural occurrence	view edit
Phase at STP	view edit
Oxidation states	view edit
Spectral lines image	view edit
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)	view edit
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight	view edit
most stable isotope	view edit
Wikidata
Wikidata *	view edit
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01) See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (46) · (this table: v )

^ "praseodymium". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Praseodymium". CIAAW. 2017.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
^ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
^ Chen, Xin; et al. (2019-12-13). "Lanthanides with Unusually Low Oxidation States in the PrB₃^– and PrB₄^– Boride Clusters". Inorganic Chemistry. 58 (1): 411–418. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02572. PMID 30543295. S2CID 56148031.
^ All the lanthanides, except Pm, in the +2 oxidation state have been observed in organometallic molecular complexes, see Lanthanides Topple Assumptions and Meyer, G. (2014). "All the Lanthanides Do It and Even Uranium Does Oxidation State +2". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 53 (14): 3550–51. doi:10.1002/anie.201311325. PMID 24616202.. Additionally, all the lanthanides (La–Lu) form dihydrides (LnH₂), dicarbides (LnC₂), monosulfides (LnS), monoselenides (LnSe), and monotellurides (LnTe), but for most elements these compounds have Ln³⁺ ions with electrons delocalized into conduction bands, e. g. Ln³⁺(H⁻)₂(e⁻).
^ Jackson, M. (2000). "Magnetism of Rare Earth" (PDF). The IRM quarterly. 10 (3): 1.
^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
^ ^a ^b Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

[1] "praseodymium". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

[CIAAW-2] "Standard Atomic Weights: Praseodymium". CIAAW. 2017.

[CIAAW2021-3] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[Arblaster_2018-4] Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.

[Cloke1993-5] Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.

[6] Chen, Xin; et al. (2019-12-13). "Lanthanides with Unusually Low Oxidation States in the PrB₃^– and PrB₄^– Boride Clusters". Inorganic Chemistry. 58 (1): 411–418. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02572. PMID 30543295. S2CID 56148031.

[Lanthanides-7] All the lanthanides, except Pm, in the +2 oxidation state have been observed in organometallic molecular complexes, see Lanthanides Topple Assumptions and Meyer, G. (2014). "All the Lanthanides Do It and Even Uranium Does Oxidation State +2". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 53 (14): 3550–51. doi:10.1002/anie.201311325. PMID 24616202.. Additionally, all the lanthanides (La–Lu) form dihydrides (LnH₂), dicarbides (LnC₂), monosulfides (LnS), monoselenides (LnSe), and monotellurides (LnTe), but for most elements these compounds have Ln³⁺ ions with electrons delocalized into conduction bands, e. g. Ln³⁺(H⁻)₂(e⁻).

[jackson-9] Jackson, M. (2000). "Magnetism of Rare Earth" (PDF). The IRM quarterly. 10 (3): 1.

[10] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

[NUBASE2020-11] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

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Template:Infobox praseodymium

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