Tha'alibi is an Arabic surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Abu Mansour al-Hosein ibn Muhammad al-Marghani, Persian-born Islamic historian
- Abdelaziz Thâalbi (1876–1944), Tunisian politician
- Sidi Abder Rahman El Thaelebi (1384–1479), Islamic scholar
- Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Tha'labi (died 1030s), Islamic scholar