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 | This article or section appears to contradict itself on the invention of the top-four system. (August 2024) |
A final-four or final-five primary is an electoral system using a nonpartisan primary by multi-winner plurality in the first step.[1][2]
The Final-Four Voting system was first proposed by businessmen Katherine Gehl and Michael Porter in a 2017 report entitled "Why Competition in the Politics Industry is Failing America".[3] It was first advocated by FairVote in 2012.[4][5] FairVote proposed a statutory model in 2015.[6]
It was first used in the 2022 Alaska special election.
A top-four primary can be seen as a variation of a two-round system, in which the second round (general election) is always held, even if a candidate gains a majority in the first (primary) round. A candidate receiving 20% of the primary vote is logically guaranteed to pass a top-four primary.[7] One variation, called Final Five Voting, allows five candidates to pass the open primary.[8]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
afbewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Missouri Top-Four Ranked Choice Voting Elections for Local, State, and Federal Officials Initiative (2022)".
- ^ Gehl & Porter (September 2017). "Why Competition In The Politics Industry Is Failing America" (PDF). Harvard Business School. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
- ^ Fixing Top Two in California The 2012 Elections and a Prescription for Further Reform
- ^ Top Four FairVote August 2013
- ^ "FAIRVOTE'S 2015 POLICY GUIDE: MODEL STATUTORY LANGUAGE".
- ^ Top Four Why Top Four Gives More Voice to Voters (FairVote)
- ^ "Final-Five Voting".