Total Espionage doctrine is a specific approach to intelligence gathering, implicating as many variable sources as possible. It combines political, economic, financial, military and industrial espionage. Like other types of espionage, it is subdivided into active and passive espionage.[1] In its original meaning, it applies to human intelligence (HUMINT). It characterizes authoritarian and totalitarian regimes. In the 20th century total espionage was practiced by Japan, Germany and the Soviet Russia. During the Cold War, the Soviet propaganda often accused the United States of total espionage.[2][3]
- ^ "Qu'est-ce que l'intelligence stratégique ?". www.huyghe.fr.
- ^ F. Sergeyev (December 1964). "Proponents of the Doctrine of Total Espionage" (PDF). www.cia.gov.
- ^ Сергей Сергеев - Тотальный Шпионаж, Воениздат, 1984