Back Gümrü müqaviləsi Azerbaijani Tractat d'Aleksandrópol Catalan Vertrag von Alexandropol German Traktato de Aleksandropolo Esperanto Tratado de Gümrü Spanish Gümrüko ituna Basque پیمان الکساندراپول Persian Traité d'Alexandropol French הסכם אלכסנדרופול HE Ալեքսանդրապոլի պայմանագիր Armenian
| Type | Peace treaty |
|---|---|
| Signed | 3 December 1920 |
| Location | Alexandropol, First Republic of Armenia |
| Full text | |
 tr:Gümrü Anlaşması at Wikisource | |
The Treaty of Alexandropol (Armenian: Ալեքսանդրապոլի պայմանագիր; Turkish: Gümrü Anlaşması) was a peace treaty between the First Republic of Armenia and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The treaty ended the Turkish-Armenian War that had begun on 12 September 1920, with the Turkish invasion of Western Armenia.
It was signed by the Armenian Foreign Minister Alexander Khatisyan in the early hours of 3 December 1920; however, the previous day, the Armenian government in Yerevan had resigned and transferred power to a Soviet government and so Khatisyan was no longer acting on behalf of the government of Armenia, and the treaty was technically invalid.[1][2]
The terms of the treaty were prepared by the Turks, with no concessions made to the Armenians.[1][3] Khatisyan's appeals for the inclusion of Surmalu, Mount Ararat, and the medieval capital of Ani, for their significant importance to Armenian culture and history were rejected.[1]
The treaty forced Armenia to forfeit all claims to Western Armenia,[4] renounce the Treaty of Sevres, reduce its military to a token force, and accept Turkish oversight. Turkey was to assume control over transportation and communications, thereby reducing Armenia to a Turkish protectorate.[3] A large part of the south of Yerevan province was ceded to Azerbaijan, later to become Nakhchivan.[5]
The Treaty of Alexandropol also changed the boundary of the First Republic of Armenia to the Ardahan-Kars borderline and ceded over half of First Republic of Armenia to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The tenth item in the agreement stated that Armenia renounced the Treaty of Sèvres. The new borders were ratified by the Treaty of Kars, signed by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and, at Soviet Russia's insistence, the three now-Soviet republics of Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan.[citation needed]
- ^ a b c Gültekin, B. (2005). "Prospects for regional cooperation on NATO's southeastern border: Developing Turkish-Russian cooperation in the South Caucasus" (PDF). Insight Turkey. JSTOR: 25.
- ^ Hovannisian, Richard (2005), The Armenians: Past and Present in the Making of National Identity, New York: Routledge, p. 110, ISBN 0-203-00493-0
- ^ a b Walker, Christopher J., ed. Armenia and Karabagh: The struggle for unity. Minority Rights Group, 1991. p.134-135,106
- ^ Richard G. Hovannisian, The Contest for Kars (1914–1921), p. 316, Kars and Ani, Mazda Publishers 2011 (in Armenian).
- ^ Richard G. Hovannisian, The Contest for Kars (1914–1921), p. 316, Kars and Ani, Mazda Publishers 2011 (in Armenian).