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Tug (banner)

For the administrative sudivision known as a banner, see Banners of Inner Mongolia.
A banner flown in Sükhbaatar Square, Ulaanbaatar
Ottoman Hungarian tughs captured by Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria in 1556[1]
A 19th century Ottoman tugh

A tug (Mongolian: туг [tʰʊɡ], Turkish: tuğ, Ottoman Turkish: طوغ ṭuġ or توغ tuġ, Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰆𐰍, romanized: tuğ) or sulde (Mongolian: сүлд, Tibetan: བ་དན) is a pole with circularly arranged horse or yak tail hairs of varying colors arranged at the top. It was historically flown by Turkic tribes such as Tuğluğ Confederation[2] and also during the period of the Mongol Empire, and later used in derived Turco-Mongol khanates. It was also used by the Ottoman Empire, a state which was founded by Turkic Oghuz tribes.[3] In the 17th century, it was also adopted by Slavic cavalry (cossacks, haidamaka), under the name bunchuk (Ukrainian: бунчук, Polish: buńczuk) which is the reflection of the original Turkic word boncuk. This word is derived from the Mongolian words montsog, moltsog and is likely an evolution of it. It is still used by some units of the Polish military.[4]

  1. ^ Boeheim (1890), pp. 510, 511
  2. ^ Kenzheakhmet, Nurlan. Ethnonyms and Toponyms of the Old Turkic Inscriptions in Chinese sources. Studia et Documenta Turcologica. pp. 302–304.
  3. ^ Довідник з історії України. За ред. І. Підкови та Р. Шуста. — Київ: Генеза, 1993.
  4. ^ Бунчук // Энциклопедический словарь Ф.А. Брокгауза и И.А. Ефрона
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