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Tungsten carbide

"Borium" redirects here. Not to be confused with bohrium or barium.

Tungsten carbide
Tungsten carbide inserts
Tungsten carbide inserts
Names
IUPAC name
Tungsten carbide
Other names
Tungsten(IV) carbide
Tungsten tetracarbide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.031.918 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 235-123-0
RTECS number
  • YO7250000
UNII
UN number 3178
  • InChI=1S/C.W/q-1;+1 ☒N
    Key: UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ☒N
  • (W+≡C−): [C-]#[W+]
Properties
WC
Molar mass 195.85 g·mol−1
Appearance Grey-black lustrous solid
Density 15.6 g/cm3[1]
Melting point 2,785–2,830 °C (5,045–5,126 °F; 3,058–3,103 K)[3][2]
Boiling point 6,000 °C (10,830 °F; 6,270 K)
at 760 mmHg[2]
Insoluble
Solubility Soluble in HNO
3, HF[3]
1·10−5 cm3/mol[3]
Thermal conductivity 110 W/(m·K)[4]
Structure
Hexagonal, hP2[5]
P6m2, No. 187[5]
6m2[5]
a = 2.906 Å, c = 2.837 Å[5]
α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 120°
Trigonal prismatic (center at C)[6]
Thermochemistry
39.8 J/(mol·K)[4]
32.1 J/mol·K
Related compounds
Other anions
 Tungsten boride
Tungsten nitride
Other cations
 Molybdenum carbide
Titanium carbide
Silicon carbide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Tungsten carbide (chemical formula: WC) is a chemical compound (specifically, a carbide) containing equal parts of tungsten and carbon atoms. In its most basic form, tungsten carbide is a fine gray powder, but it can be pressed and formed into shapes through sintering[7] for use in industrial machinery, engineering facilities,[8] molding blocks,[9] cutting tools, chisels, abrasives, armor-piercing bullets and jewelry.

Tungsten carbide is approximately three times as stiff as steel, with a Young's modulus of approximately 530–700 GPa,[4][10][11][12] and is twice as dense as steel. It is comparable with corundum (α-Al
2O
3) in hardness, approaching that of a diamond,[7] and can be polished and finished only with abrasives of superior hardness such as cubic boron nitride and diamond powder, wheels and compounds. Tungsten carbide tools can be operated at cutting speeds much higher than high-speed steel (a special steel blend for cutting tools).[7]

Tungsten carbide powder was first synthesized by H. Moissan in 1893, and the industrial production of the cemented form started 20 to 25 years later (between 1913 and 1918).[10]

  1. ^ "Tungsten carbide". GESTIS Substance Database. Institut für Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung. Archived from the original on 19 August 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  2. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference shthcc was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 4.96. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0.
  4. ^ a b c Blau, Peter J. (2003). Wear of Materials. Elsevier. p. 1345. ISBN 978-0-08-044301-0.
  5. ^ a b c d Kurlov, p. 22
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Wells was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ a b c "Tungsten carbide". Encyclopedia Britannica. 3 June 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  8. ^ [1]
  9. ^ molding industry
  10. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Kurlov3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference Groover2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference Cardarelli2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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