Back الاحتلال التركي لشمال سوريا Arabic Suriyanın şimalının Türkiyə tərəfindən işğalı Azerbaijani Ocupació turca del nord de Síria Catalan Turecká okupace severní Sýrie Czech Türkische Besetzung Nordsyriens German Τουρκική κατοχή της βόρειας Συρίας Greek Ocupación turca del norte de Siria Spanish اشغال شمال سوریه توسط ترکیه Persian כיבוש צפון סוריה על ידי טורקיה HE Pendudukan Suriah utara oleh Turki ID
Turkish occupation of northern Syria | |
|---|---|
  | |
.svg) Turkish-backed Syrian opposition | |
| Status | Proto-state |
| Capital | Azaz[5] |
| Official languages | |
| Government | Provisional government (Syrian Interim Government) (dual authority of decentralized local councils and military administration) |
• President | Hadi al-Bahra |
• Prime Minister | Abdurrahman Mustafa |
• Minister of Defence | Salim Idris |
| Self-governance (Syrian Interim Government) under military occupation | |
| 24 August 2016 | |
| 20 January 2018 | |
| 9 October 2019 | |
| 30 November 2024 | |
| Currency | Syrian pound, Turkish lira,[2] United States dollar |
The Turkish Armed Forces and its ally the Syrian National Army have occupied[7][8] areas of northern Syria since August 2016, during the Syrian civil war. Though these areas nominally acknowledge a government affiliated with the Syrian opposition, in practice they constitute a separate proto-state[9] under the dual authority of decentralized native local councils and Turkish military administration.
Turkish-controlled areas of Syria includes towns such as al-Bab, Azaz, Manbij, Jarabulus, Rajo, Tal Abyad and Ras al-Ayn. The majority of these settlements had been captured from the Islamic State (IS) and the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) groups, both of which have been designated as terrorist organisations by the Turkish government, though the SDF is not seen this way by most of the international community, notably including the United States and European Union. Some towns, including Azaz, were also under the control of the Syrian opposition before Turkish intervention. The Syrian Interim Government moved into the Turkish-controlled territories and began to extend partial authority there, including providing documents to Syrian citizens. These areas are referred to as "safe zones" by Turkish authorities.[10] The occupation has allegedly led to human rights abuses in some areas, including ethnic cleansing.[11][12][13][14]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
idlib whatwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
falling lirawas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ ANF (29 March 2019). "ID cards of civilians replaced with Turkish ID cards in Afrin". Ajansa Nûçeyan a Firatê. ANF News. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
- ^ a b Sarah El Deeb (19 June 2018). "Blurring the border, Turkey deepens roots in northern Syria". AP News. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
- ^ "Turkey's Idlib Incursion and the HTS Question: Understanding the Long Game in Syria". War on the Rocks. 31 October 2017. Archived from the original on 4 June 2019. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
- ^ Sydow, Christoph (14 October 2017). "Syrien: Willkommen in der türkischen Besatzungszone" [Syria: Welcome to the Turkish occupation zone]. Spiegel Online. Archived from the original on 28 December 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
- ^ Sirwan Kajjo (2 March 2017). "Skirmishes Mar Fight Against IS in Northern Syria". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 13 April 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
Turkish occupation "is an existential threat to the Assad government's ability to reclaim the entirety of its territory, which is a key argument that regime loyalists make in their support of Bashar al-Assad's government," Heras said.
- ^ Robert Fisk (29 March 2017). "In northern Syria, defeated Isis fighters leave behind only scorched earth, trenches – and a crucifixion stand". The Independent. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
You can't mistake the front line between the Syrian army and Turkey's occupation force east of Aleppo.
- ^ Haid Haid (2 November 2018). "Turkey's Gradual Efforts to Professionalize Syrian Allies". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Archived from the original on 20 November 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
- ^ "Safe zone 'crucial for Turkmen in Syria'". www.aa.com.tr. Archived from the original on 7 October 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
- ^ Rudaw (20 April 2020). "Afrin, Syria: Kurdish population more than halved since 2018 Turkish invasion". genocidewatch. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
- ^ "NYT accused of whitewashing Turkey's Afrin occupation". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 17 February 2021. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
- ^ "'Nothing is ours anymore': Kurds forced out of Afrin after Turkish assault". the Guardian. 7 June 2018. Archived from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
- ^ Iddon, Paul (19 March 2020). "Turkey's actions in Syria's Afrin amount to ethnic cleansing – Kurdish analysts". Ahval. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.