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Wallace Fard Muhammad | |
|---|---|
Fard's official portrait (top, 1932), his 1926 mugshot (top), and his 1933 mugshot (bottom) | |
| Leader of the Nation of Islam | |
| In office 1930–1934 | |
| Succeeded by | Elijah Muhammad |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Uncertain; tradition claims February 26, c. 1877[a][1][2] |
| Parents |
|
| Occupation | Religious and political activist |
| Born | Uncertain. Tradition claims Mecca |
| Disappeared | 1934 |
| Died | Date, cause, and place of death is unknown |
| Other names | Wali Fred Dad, Fred Dodd, Fred the Greek, Fred the Turk, Wallie Dodd Fard, Wallace Dodd Ford, William D. Fard, Master Fard Muhammad |
| Spouse(s) | Pearl Allen (m. May 9, 1914; div. December 27, 1914) Hazel Barton (m. circa 1919) Carmen Trevino (m. June 5, 1924) |
| Children | With Pearl: (DNA suggest not biologically related) With Hazel: Wallace Dodd Fard (later Wallace Max Ford) |
| ^ a. Birth dates attributed to Fard include 1877, 1891, and 1893; the Nation of Islam celebrates February 26, 1877. | |
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Wallace Fard Muhammad, also known as W. F. Muhammad, W. D. Fard, Wallace D. Fard, or Master Fard Muhammad, among other names[3] (pronounced Far-odd /fəˈrɑːd/)[4] (reportedly born February 26, c. 1877[5][a] – disappeared c. 1934) was the founder of the Nation of Islam.
He arrived in Detroit in 1930 with an ambiguous background and several aliases and proselytized syncretic Islamic teachings to the city's black population. His group taught followers to abandon their old "slave names" in favor of new names that were bestowed on new members. Fard's movement similarly taught Black pride and Black exceptionalism, saying that the black man is the "Original" man, and teaching that the white race were devils created by eugenics. The group preached abstinence from drugs, alcohol, pork, and out-of-wedlock sex.
After one of Fard's followers performed a human sacrifice, Fard was briefly arrested. Fard was set free, but he was ordered by police to depart Detroit and not return. Instead he continued to return to the city, where he was spotted by police. In 1934, after repeated arrests and death threats, Fard left Detroit and ultimately disappeared.
Elijah Muhammad succeeded Fard as leader of the Nation of Islam.[8] Fard's teachings in turn influenced many, including Malcolm X, Clarence 13X, boxing legend Muhammad Ali, and indirectly, basketball star Kareem Abdul-Jabbar.
- ^ "N.O.I. Founder, Wallace D. Fard born". African American Registry.
- ^ "Wallace D. Fard – American religious leader". Encyclopedia Britannica. March 2024.
- ^ Knight, Michael Muhammad (February 26, 2013). Dubuc, Nancy; Smith, Shane (eds.). "Remembering Master Fard Muhammad". Vice News. New York City, New York, United States: Vice Media. Archived from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved January 31, 2022.
- ^ Evanzz 2011, p. 445, Appendices: A. Reported Aliases of the Messenger and of Wallace D. Ford.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
bowenwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Fanusie, Fatimah Abdul-Tawwab (2008). Fard Muhammad in historical context: An Islamic thread in the American religious and cultural quilt (PhD). Washington, D.C., United States: Howard University. OCLC 488985857.
- ^ Morrow 2019, pp. 1–35, Chapter 1. Issues of Origin.
- ^ Kavanaugh, Kelli B. (March 5, 2003). Williams, Ron; Heron, W. Kim (eds.). "Mystery man". Detroit Metro Times. Detroit, Michigan, United States: Euclid Media Group, LLC. ISSN 0746-4045. OCLC 10024235. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
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