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White War

For the TV series, see White War (TV series).
White War
Part of Italian front (World War I)

Clockwise from above: Austrian barracks in East Tyrol; Alpine with mule painting by Achille Beltrame from 1916; Austrian infantrymen waiting for the ration in the sector of Dreisprachenspitze; difficult transport of an Italian artillery piece at high altitude
DateMay 24, 1915 – November 4, 1918
Location
Southern Rhaetian Alps, Dolomites
Result

Italian victory

• Austrian defeat and subsequent end of World War I
Belligerents
 Italy Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary
 Germany
Commanders and leaders
Kingdom of Italy Luigi Cadorna
Kingdom of Italy Armando Diaz		 Austria-Hungary Conrad von Hötzendorf
Austria-Hungary Arz von Straußenburg
Strength
Two armies for about 100–120,000 men April 1915: about 32,400 Austro-Hungarians defending the Tyrol + 13 battalions of the German Alpenkorps arrived on May 26, 1915
Casualties and losses
c. 150,000–180,000 overall deaths, only one third of which were caused by combat[1]
1917 ortler vorgipfelstellung 3850 m highest trench in history of first world war.jpg
Austro-Hungarian trench at the peak of Ortler, the highest trench in the First World War (3850m)

The White War (Italian: Guerra Bianca, German: Gebirgskrieg, Hungarian: Fehér Háború)[2][3] is the name given to the fighting in the high-altitude Alpine sector of the Italian front during the First World War, principally in the Dolomites, the Ortles-Cevedale Alps and the Adamello-Presanella Alps. More than two-thirds of this conflict zone lies at an altitude above 2,000m, rising to 3905m at Mount Ortler.[4][5] In 1917 New York World correspondent E. Alexander Powell wrote: “On no front, not on the sun-scorched plains of Mesopotamia, nor in the frozen Mazurian marshes, nor in the blood-soaked mud of Flanders, does the fighting man lead so arduous an existence as up here on the roof of the world.”[6]

  1. ^ Heinz von Lichem, Der einsame Krieg, p. 240
  2. ^ "Museo della Guerra Bianca in Adamello". museoguerrabianca.it. Museo della Guerra Bianca in Adamello. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  3. ^ Heinz Lichem von Löwenbourg (1980). Gebirgskrieg 1915–1918. Athesia. ISBN 978-88-7014-175-7. Retrieved 1 October 2015. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
  4. ^ Gravino, Michele (18 October 2014). "A Century Later, Relics Emerge From a War Frozen in Time". nationalgeographic.com. National Geographic. Archived from the original on August 12, 2019. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  5. ^ Dunlap, David (20 September 2017). "The Awful Beauty of the 'White War'". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  6. ^ Mockenhaupt, Brian. "The Most Treacherous Battle of World War I Took Place in the Italian Mountains". smithsonianmag.com. Smithsonian Museum. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
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