Zhang Han (Qin dynasty)

Zhang Han
章邯
King of Yong
雍王
Tenure206–205 BC
BornUnknown
DiedJune or July 205 BC
Xingping, Shaanxi
OccupationMilitary general

Zhang Han (died c. June or July 205 BC[1]) was a Chinese military general of the Qin dynasty. Between 209 and 208 BC, when uprisings against the Qin dynasty broke out, Zhang Han, along with Sima Xin and Dong Yi, led Qin forces into battle against the various rebel groups and defeated some of them. However, they lost to rebel forces led by Xiang Yu in 207 BC at the Battle of Julu and were forced to surrender. After the rebels overthrew the Qin dynasty in 206 BC, China was divided into the Eighteen Kingdoms and the three surrendered Qin generals were made kings – Zhang Han as the King of Yong, Sima Xin as the King of Sai, and Dong Yi as the King of Di. Their three kingdoms were collectively known as the Three Qins since they occupied the Guanzhong region, the heartland of the Qin state during the Warring States period. In 205 BC, Liu Bang, the King of Han, invaded Zhang Han's kingdom and defeated Zhang Han in battle. Zhang Han committed suicide after his defeat.

  1. ^ According to Liu Bang's biography in the Shiji, Zhang Han committed suicide in the sixth month of the second year of Liu Bang's reign as King of Han. This corresponds to 27 June to 25 July 205 BC in the proleptic Julian calendar. ([漢二年]六月, ... 引水灌廢丘,廢丘降,章邯自殺。) Shiji, vol. 8.

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