Mapa cognitivo

Un mapa cognitivo (a veces llamado, pero no debe confundirse con, mapa mental o modelo mental) es un tipo de representación mental que sirve a un individuo para adquirir, codificar, almacenar, recordar y decodificar información sobre las ubicaciones relativas y los atributos de fenómenos en su entorno espacial cotidiano o metafórico. El concepto fue introducido por Edward Tolman en 1948.^[1]​ El concepto se utilizó para explicar el comportamiento de las ratas que parecían aprender el diseño espacial de un laberinto y, posteriormente, el concepto se aplicó a otros animales, incluidos los humanos.^[2]​ El término fue luego generalizado por algunos investigadores, especialmente en el campo de la investigación operativa, para referirse a una especie de red semántica que representa el conocimiento o los esquemas personales de un individuo.^[3]​^[4]​^[5]​

1. ↑ Tolman, Edward C. (July 1948). «Cognitive maps in rats and men». Psychological Review 55 (4): 189-208. PMID 18870876. doi:10.1037/h0061626. 
2. ↑ Caves, Roger W., ed. (2005). «Cognitive maps». Encyclopedia of the City. Abingdon; New York: Routledge. p. 79. ISBN 9780415252256. OCLC 55948158. doi:10.4324/9780203484234. 
3. ↑ Eden, Colin (July 1988). «Cognitive mapping». European Journal of Operational Research 36 (1): 1-13. doi:10.1016/0377-2217(88)90002-1. «In the practical setting of work in with a team of busy managers cognitive mapping is a tool for building interest from all team members in the problem solving activity. [...] The cycle of problem construction, making sense, defining the problem, and declaring a portfolio of solutions, which I have discussed elsewhere (Eden, 1982) is the framework that guides the process of working with teams. Thus building and working with the cognitive maps of each individual is primarily aimed at helping each team member reflectively 'construct' and 'make sense' of the situation they believe the team is facing. (pp. 7–8)». 
4. ↑ Fiol, C. Marlene; Huff, Anne Sigismund (May 1992). «Maps for managers: Where are we? Where do we go from here?». Journal of Management Studies 29 (3): 267-285. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.1992.tb00665.x. «For geographers, a map is a means of depicting the world so that people understand where they are and where they can go. For cognitive researchers, who often use the idea of a 'map' as an analogy, the basic idea is the same. Cognitive maps are graphic representations that locate people in relation to their information environments. Maps provide a frame of reference for what is known and believed. They highlight some information and fail to include other information, either because it is deemed less important, or because it is not known. (p. 267)». 
5. ↑ Ambrosini, Véronique; Bowman, Cliff (2002). «Mapping successful organizational routines». En Huff, Anne Sigismund; Jenkins, Mark, eds. Mapping strategic knowledge. London; Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. pp. 19-45. ISBN 0761969497. OCLC 47900801. «We shall not explain here what cognitive maps are about as this has been done extensively elsewhere (Huff, 1990). Let us just say that cognitive maps are the representation of an individual's personal knowledge, of an individual's own experience (Weick and Bougon, 1986), and they are ways of representing individuals' views of reality (Eden et al., 1981). There are various types of cognitive maps (Huff, 1990). (pp. 21–22)».