Back Emgann Toro Breton Batalla de Toro Catalan Schlacht von Toro German Battle of Toro English Batalo de Toro Esperanto Batalla de Toro Spanish Batalla de Toro Galician Battaglia di Toro Italian Batalha de Toro Portuguese Битва при Торо Russian
Bataille de Toro
| Date | 1er mars 1476 |
|---|---|
| Lieu | Peleagonzalo, près de Toro, Castille |
| Issue |
- Indécise militairement: les deux parties ont proclamé la victoire[1]. |
Royaume de Portugal Castillans Jeannistes |
Castillans Isabellistes Royaume d'Aragon |
| Alphonse V de Portugal Prince Jean de Portugal Évêque d'Évora Archevêque de Tolède |
Ferdinand II d'Aragon Cardinal Mendoza Duke of Alba Álvaro de Mendoza Comte d'Alba de Aliste |
| Environ 8 500 hommes : dont 5 000 fantassins[4] 3 500 cavaliers [4],[5] |
Environ 8 000 hommes : dont 5 000 fantassins [4] 2 500 - 3 000 cavaliers [4],[5] |
| 800 - 1 200 morts, prisonniers ou noyés [6] | Plus de 500 morts ou prisonniers [7] |
Guerre de Succession de Castille
| Coordonnées | 41° 31′ 32″ nord, 5° 23′ 28″ ouest | |
|---|---|---|
La bataille de Toro, du , est un épisode de la guerre de Succession de Castille, opposant les troupes de Ferdinand II d'Aragon et d'Isabelle de Castille, son épouse, sœur d'Henri IV de Castille, d'un côté, et celles d'Alphonse V de Portugal, époux de Jeanne de Castille, dite « la Beltraneja », fille d'Henri IV et nièce d'Isabelle, de l'autre.
Cette bataille se déroula près de la localité du même nom, dans le royaume de Castille (dans l'actuelle province de Zamora, en Espagne)
- ↑ Portuguese victory: Rui de Pina, Garcia de Resende, Álvaro Lopes de Chaves, Damião de Góis (4 Portuguese chroniclers). Castilian victory: Hernando del Pulgar, Andreas Bernaldez (es), Alonso de Palencia, Alonso Palma (es) and Juan de Mariana (5 Castilian chroniclers), Jeronimo Zurita (Aragonese chronicler), and Esteban de Garibay (es) (Basque chronicler).
- ↑ Rubio, p. 34: "The solution of this conflict is also similar to the previous one. The indecisive battle of Toro, which was certainly not in its results and consequences, puts an end to the indubitable "Portuguese danger" to Castile".
- ↑ Castell, p. 132: "The King of Portugal simply remained on the defensive; the first March 1476, he was attacked by Ferdinand of Aragon in front of the town of Toro. The battle was indecisive, but [with] the supporters of the Catholic Monarchs asserting their superiority, the Portuguese King withdrew".
- Bernaldez, chapter XXIII.
- Zurita, volume VIII, book XIX, chapter XLIV.
- ↑ According to Valera chapters XX and XXI, the Luso-Castilians had 800 dead, while to Bernaldez chapter XXIII, p.61, they suffered 1,200 dead. These figures are possibly inflated since Mariana wrote that the Portuguese losses – both dead and prisoners – were low: "The killing was small...and also the number of prisoners was not large; ..." Book XXIV, chapter X, p.300). Zurita can only list 3 names of Portuguese noblemen killed in the battle (Volume VIII, book XIX, chapter XLIV) and the partial casualties reported in the courts of 1476 by the procurators of Évora point to very low numbers (Pereira, p. 9 and 10.).
- ↑ The casualties were similarly "high" in both armies (as stated by Pulgar in chapter XLV, p. 88, and by chronicler Chaves). However, the Isabelistas losses were probably lower than the Juanistas losses due to the (Portuguese) drowned in the Duero River. This last number was close to the number of Portuguese killed in combat (Pulgar, chapter XLV, p. 88.). Even the Cardinal Mendoza was wounded by a spear and several members from the Castilian royal council who met 10 days after the battle of Toro lost relatives there (Pulgar, chapter XLVII, p. 91). Chronicler Palencia wrote that when Afonso V returned to Toro in the days immediately after the battle, there were 500 Castilian prisoners inside the city, adding that this King had wasted "an opportunity of stabbing or drowning in the river 500 enemies both infantry and chivalry [certainly as a revenge on men who had contributed for his defeat in Toro]". See Palencia, Década III, book XXV, chapter IX.