La dysbiose intestinale est un terme désignant un déséquilibre ou une mauvaise adaptation microbienne [1],[2], du microbiote intestinal. Par exemple, la flore intestinale peut devenir perturbée, avec des espèces normalement dominantes sous-représentées et des espèces confinées ou supplantées augmentant pour combler le vide. La dysbiose est le plus souvent rapportée comme une affection du tractus gastro-intestinal[2] particulier au cours de la colonisation bactérienne chronique de l'intestin grêle, de la prolifération fongique chronique de l'intestin grêle[3],[4].
Les colonies microbiennes typiques présentes sont normalement bénignes ou bénéfiques. Ces colonies microbiennes bénéfiques et de taille appropriée remplissent une série de fonctions utiles et nécessaires, telles que la digestion[5]. Ils aident également à protéger le corps contre la pénétration de microbes pathogènes. Ces colonies microbiennes bénéfiques se font concurrence pour l'espace et les ressources[6].
- ↑ « Dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease », Gut, vol. 53, no 1, , p. 1–4 (PMID 14684564, PMCID 1773911, DOI 10.1136/gut.53.1.1)
- « Microbiota and Neurological Disorders: A Gut Feeling », BioResearch Open Access, vol. 5, no 1, , p. 137–45 (PMID 27274912, PMCID 4892191, DOI 10.1089/biores.2016.0010) :
« As reviewed in this report, synthetic biology shows potential in developing microorganisms for correcting pathogenic dysbiosis (gut microbiota-host maladaptation), although this has yet to be proven. »
- ↑ « What are the effects of proton pump inhibitors on the small intestine? », World Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 21, no 22, , p. 6817–9 (PMID 26078557, PMCID 4462721, DOI 10.3748/wjg.v21.i22.6817) :
« Several meta-analyses and systematic reviews have reported that patients treated with PPIs, as well as post-gastrectomy patients, have a higher frequency of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) compared to patients who lack the aforementioned conditions. Furthermore, there is insufficient evidence that these conditions induce Clostridium difficile infection. At this time, PPI-induced dysbiosis is considered a type of SIBO. »
- ↑ « Small intestinal fungal overgrowth », Current Gastroenterology Reports, vol. 17, no 4, , p. 16 (PMID 25786900, DOI 10.1007/s11894-015-0436-2) :
« Small intestinal fungal overgrowth (SIFO) is characterized by the presence of excessive number of fungal organisms in the small intestine associated with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Candidiasis is known to cause GI symptoms particularly in immunocompromised patients or those receiving steroids or antibiotics. However, only recently, there is emerging literature that an overgrowth of fungus in the small intestine of non-immunocompromised subjects may cause unexplained GI symptoms. Two recent studies showed that 26 % (24/94) and 25.3 % (38/150) of a series of patients with unexplained GI symptoms had SIFO. The most common symptoms observed in these patients were belching, bloating, indigestion, nausea, diarrhea, and gas. The underlying mechanism(s) that predisposes to SIFO is unclear but small intestinal dysmotility and use of proton pump inhibitors has been implicated. However, further studies are needed; both to confirm these observations and to examine the clinical relevance of fungal overgrowth, both in healthy subjects and in patients with otherwise unexplained GI symptoms. »
- ↑ « Human nutrition, the gut microbiome and the immune system », Nature, vol. 474, no 7351, , p. 327–36 (PMID 21677749, PMCID 3298082, DOI 10.1038/nature10213)
- ↑ « Microbial dysbiosis is associated with human breast cancer », PLOS One, vol. 9, no 1, , e83744 (PMID 24421902, PMCID 3885448, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0083744)