Caslys-skeeal

Ta caslys-skeeal, ny scheim aitt, ny skeeal jannoo ymmyd jeh caslyssyn ry hoi taishbyney y skeeal rere ny ta goll er. Ta caslys-skeeal ry-eddyraghey veih lioar yallooyn er daa fa: ta ny caslyssyn eiyrtyssagh, son dy hroggal y slane skeeal; as ta caslys ard-chionyssagh harrish fockle, dy ghra myr shen, ta’n skeeal goll er insh liorish ny caslyssyn son y chooid smoo, cha nel liorish ny focklyn. Dyn y wooise da shen, ta’n daa genre goll harrish y cheilley. Ta’n chooid smoo jeh caslys-skeealyn cur ry-cheilley focklyn as caslyssyn, as ta glare er ny taishbyney ayns bolgan glare dy mennick, agh ta caslys-skeealyn gyn focklyn ayn myrgeddin, myr sampleyr, The Little King. Chammah as glare, ta focklyn meenaghey ny caslyssyn dy cliaghtagh (myr fo-heidylyn), agh ny keayrt t’ad neuchosoyley ry-cheilley.^[1]

Ayns shennaghys jeianagh, va caslys-skeealyn scheimyn aitt son y chooid smoo; agh ta’n reaym oc er lheanaghey dy ghoaill stiagh dagh genre. Roish shoh, va sampleyryn jeh ellyn eiyrtyssagh ry-akin ayns ellyn y çhenn teihll, myr sampleyr, caslyssyn lhiaghtyn Eajiptagh, as adsyn goaill stiagh shennaghys reeaghyn as feayn-skeeal.

Ta sleih cliaghtit rish gra dy vel caslys-skeealyn nyn ellyn injil, ga dy vel kuse dy lhimmaghyn ayn, lheid as Krazy Kat as Barnaby.^{[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]} Anmagh ‘sy feedoo eash, ghow sleih toshiaght geabbey cur bree noo da’n saase.

Ta roie-haghyryn caslys-skeealyn jeianagh goaill stiagh Colloo Trajan as obbyr William Hogarth. Myr saase cadjin jeianagh, ghow caslys-skeealyn toshiaght ayns y Reeriaght Unnaneyssit anmagh ‘sy 19oo eash, tra hie Ally Sloper's Half Holiday er soilshaghey. Va’n cochiangle jeh goan as jallooyn mie lesh sleih, as ren eh skeaylley er fud y heihll. Lurg tammylt beg, va scheimyn aitt myr shoh er ny haglym myr lioaranyn neugheyr; haink lioaryn caslys-skeeal noa dy gerrid. Jiu, ta caslys-skeealyn ry-akin ayns pabyryn-naight, earishlioaryn, lioaryn as er yn eddyr-voggyl.

Haink rish resoonaght cremeydagh er yn saase cho leah as ny 1920yn, agh va studeyrys smooinaghtagh goan derrey anmagh ‘sy 20oo eash.^[9][10][11]

Hie cliaghtey cadjin anchasley rish y cheilley er giennaghtyn mygeayrt y chruinney: manhua Sheenagh, manga Shapaanagh, bandes dessinés Frangagh, caslys-earishlioaryn ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneyssit, as earlishlioaryn skeealyn çhaglit ayns yn Europey.

Ga dy nod ellyneyryn chaslys-skeealyn shaghney lhiettalys çhaghnys, t’ad jannoo ymmyd dy mennick jeh kiaddaghyn as aghtyn cliaghtagh son dy haishbyney insh as glare, ny son dy greesaghey freggyrtyn ennaghtagh ny foalley ennagh. Ta saaseyn myr bolganyn glare as kishtaghyn cowrey magh glare as cur magh fys bunneydagh, as ta kerrinyn, oardagh duillag, jeegyn as linnaghyn arraghey cur cooney da fosley y skeeal. Foddee caslys-skeealyn jannoo ymmyd jeh focklyn, daa-cheayllaght, cosoyley, keirdeeaght screeu, saase meshtit as keirdaghtyn ellynagh elley son dy hroggal fo-eks ‘sy skeeal.^[12]

1. ↑ Teresa Grainger (2004) "Art, Narrative and Childhood" Literacy 38 (1), 66–67. doi:10.1111/j.0034-0472.2004.03801011_2.x
2. ↑ Gilbert Seldes, The 7 Lively Arts, Harper, 1924, ASIN B000M1MMBC
3. ↑ Dowd, Douglas Bevan; Hignite, Todd (2006). Strips, Toons, and Bluesies: Essays in Comics and Culture. Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 1568986211.
4. ↑ Varnedoe, Kirk; Gopnik, Adam (1990). Modern Art and Popular Culture: Readings in High & Low. Abrams in association with the Museum of Modern Art. ISBN 0870703560.
5. ↑ Bollinger, Tim (2000). ayns Nga Pakiwaituhi o Aotearoa: New Zealand Comics, Horrocks, Dylan (ed.): Comics in the Antipodes: a low art in a low place. Hicksville Press. ISBN 0-473-06708-0.
6. ↑ Gold, Glen David (2005). ayns Masters of American Comics, Carlin, John, Karasik, Paul & Walker, Brian (ed.): Jack Kirby. Yale University Press, 262. ISBN 030011317X.
7. ↑ Fielder, Leslie [1955] (2004). ayns Arguing Comics: Literary Masters on a Popular Medium, Heer, Jeet & Worcester, Kent (ed.): The Middle Against Both Ends. Univ. Press of Mississippi, 132. ISBN 1578066875.
8. ↑ Groensteen, Thierry (2000). ayns Comics & Culture: Analytical and Theoretical Approaches to Comics, Anne Magnussen & Hans-Christian Christiansen (ed.): Why are Comics Still in Search of Cultural Legitimization?. Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 8772895802.
9. ↑ Gilbert Seldes, The 7 Lively Arts, Harper, 1924, ASIN B000M1MMBC
10. ↑ Martin Sheridan, Comics and their Creators, Ralph T. Hale and Company, 1942, ASIN B000Q8QGC2
11. ↑ Dez Skinn, Comic Art Now, Collins Design, 2008, ISBN 978-0-06-144739-6.
12. ↑ Scott McCloud, Understanding Comics, Harper, 1994, ISBN 978-0060976255