Manga

She cummey caslys-skeealyn Shapaanagh Manga (漫画; myr kanji; まんが myr hiragana; マンガ myr katakana , Manga^?).^[1][2][3] Haink rish y chummey shoh trooid cur ry-cheilley cummaghyn ellyn ukiyo-e as aghtyn jallooaghey har mooir. Haink manga dys y chummey jeianagh beggan lurg y Chaggey Mooar II^[4], agh ta shennaghys liauyr oc ayns ellyn Shapaanagh shinney.^{[5][6] [7]}

Ayns Yn Çhapaan, ta sleih dy dagh eash lhaih manga,^[2]. Er y fa shen, ta rheaym cooishyn mooar ec manga, goaill stiagh contoyrtys, graih, spoyrt as gammanyn, drama shendeeagh, aitt, far-skeealaght sheanse, sheiltynys, folliaght, scoagh, çhibbag as dellal. ^[2] Neayr’s ny 1950yn, ta manga er jeet dy ve ny rheynn scanshoil jeh’n çhynskyl soilshaghey magh Shapaanagh,^[4][8] as margey jeh mysh 481 billioon yen ec ayns yn Çhapaan ayns 2006^[9] (mysh £2.3 billioon).

Nish, ta manga çheet dy ve ny smoo ennoil harrish y teihll.^[10][11]

Er y fa dy nee cummey Shapaanagh eh, ta manga goll er lhaih veih jesh dys toshtal, dagh duillag as dagh kerrin. Ec y toshiaght, tra v’ad aahoilshaghey manga ayns America as çheeraghyn Europagh, ren soilsheyderyn caghlaa shen dys yn aght cliaghtagh y Sheear. Agh cha row shen mie lesh ard-jeeaneyderyn manga, as nish ta ymmodee soilsheyderyn freaylley yn aght Shapaanagh. ^[12] Son y chooid smoo, plaiyntyn bentyn rish daa chooish. Y chied, shen dy vel çhyndaa myr shen tarmestey kiarail yn ellyneyr. Myr sampleyr, caghlaa peiagh veih jeshagh dys toshtalagh; ny keayrtyn foddee shen tarmestey cosoyley ‘sy skeeal (ayns Adolf (アドルフに告ぐ, Adorufu ni Tsugu^?), ta sleih jannoo curteish Nazi lesh ny armyn toshtal). Y cooish elley, shen dy vel çhyndaa jannoo reddyn quaagh. Myr sampleyr, beagh claare-ogheragh ny focklyn dreeym er oaie.

1. ↑ (2001) "Introduction", ayns Lent, John A.: Illustrating Asia: Comics, Humor Magazines, and Picture Books (Baarle). Honolulu, Hawai’i: University of Hawai'i Press, 3-4. ISBN 0-8248-2471-7.
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Gravett, Paul (2004). Manga: Sixty Years of Japanese Comics (Baarle). York Noa, Steaytyn Unnaneysit: Harper Design, 8. ISBN 1-85669-391-0.
3. ↑ Go Tchiei (1998). Characteristics of Japanese Manga. Feddynit er 2008-04-05.
4. ↑ ^{a b} Kinsella, Sharon (2000). Adult Manga: Culture and Power in Contemporary Japanese Society (Baarle). Honolulu, Hawai’i: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 978-0824823184.
5. ↑ Kern, Adam (2006). Manga from the Floating World: Comicbook Culture and the Kibyōshi of Edo Japan (Baarle). Cambridge, Reeriaght Unnaneysit: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674022669.
6. ↑ Ito, Kinko (2005). A history of manga in the context of Japanese culture and society. The Journal of Popular Culture. Feddynit er 2008-04-05.
7. ↑ Schodt, Frederik L. (1986). Manga! Manga! The World of Japanese Comics (Baarle). Tokyo, Yn Çhapaan: Kodansha. ISBN 978-0870117527.
8. ↑ Schodt, Frederik L. (1996). Dreamland Japan: Writings on Modern Manga (Baarle). Berkeley, Steaytyn Unnaneysit: Stone Bridge Press. ISBN 978-1880656235.
9. ↑ Japanese Manga Market Drops Below 500 Billion Yen. ComiPress (2007-03-10). Feddynit er 2008-04-05.
10. ↑ Wong, Wendy Siuyi (2006). "Globalizing manga: From Japan to Hong Kong and beyond", Mechademia 1: Emerging Worlds of Anime and Manga (Baarle). Minneapolis, Steaytyn Unnaneysit: University of Minnesota Press, 23-45. ISBN 0-8166-4945-6.
11. ↑ Patten, Fred (2004). Watching Anime, Reading Manga: 25 Years of Essays and Reviews (Baarle). Berkeley, Steaytyn Unnaneysit: Stone Bridge Press. ISBN 978-1880656921.
12. ↑ Gravett, Paul (2006). Manga – Sechzig Jahre japanische Comics (Germaanish). Egmont Manga & Anime, 154-156. ISBN 978-3-7704-6549-1.