Abun Rufe Fuska Na Gargajiya

Abun Rufe Fuska Na Gargajiya
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	mask (en)
Nau'in	Fasahar Afirka
Wuri
10°S 23°E / 10°S 23°E / -10; 23

Abubuwan rufe fuska na gargajiya na Afirka suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a wasu al'adu da bukukuwan gargajiya na Afirka.

Masks suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin al'adu ko bukukuwa tare da dalilai daban-daban kamar tabbatar da gurbi mai kyau, magance bukatun kabilanci a lokutan zaman lafiya ko yaƙi, ko isar da kasancewar ruhaniya a cikin al'adar dake faraway ko bikin binnewa. Wasu abin rufe fuska suna wakiltar ruhin kakanni da suka mutu. Wasu suna wakiltar dabbobin totem, halittu masu mahimmanci ga wani dangi ko rukuni. A wasu al'adu, kamar wasu al'adun kuba na Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango, abin rufe fuska na wakiltar takamaiman mutane a tatsuniyar kabilanci, kamar sarki ko kishiya ga mai mulki.

An yi imanin wanda ya sa abin rufe fuska sau da yawa zai iya yin magana da wanda aka kwatanta da shi, ko kuma ya mallaki wanda ko abin da abin rufe fuska yake wakilta.

Al'adu da abin rufe fuska wani muhimmin fasali ne na al'adun gargajiya na al'ummar wani yanki na Afirka kudu da hamadar Sahara, misali tsakanin Sahara da hamadar Kalahari . Sannan kuma Yayin da kuma takamaiman abubuwan da ke tattare da abin rufe fuska na al'ada sun bambanta a cikin al'adu daban-daban, wasu halaye sun zama ruwan dare ga yawancin al'adun Afirka . Misali, abin rufe fuska yawanci yana da ma’ana ta ruhaniya da ta addini kuma ana amfani da su a cikin raye-rayen al’ada da al’amuran zamantakewa da na addini, kuma ana danganta matsayi na musamman ga masu fasaha da ke yin abin rufe fuska ga masu sanya su a cikin bukukuwa. Kuma A mafi yawan lokuta, yin abin rufe fuska wata fasaha ce da ake yadawa daga uba zuwa ɗa, tare da sanin ma'anar ma'anar da waɗannan masks ɗin ke bayarwa. Sannan Masks na Afirka sun zo cikin kowane launi daban-daban, kamar ja, baƙar fata, orange, da launin ruwan kasa.

A yawancin al'adun Afirka na gargajiya, mutumin da ya sa abin rufe fuska a zahiri ya rasa ransa na ɗan adam kuma ya koma ruhun da abin rufe fuska yake wakilta. ^[1] Wannan canji na mai abin rufe fuska zuwa ruhi yawanci yakan dogara ne da wasu ayyuka, kamar takamaiman nau'ikan kiɗa da raye-raye, ko kuma kayan ado na al'ada waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga zubar da ainihin ɗan adam mai rufe fuska. Don haka mai sanya abin rufe fuska ya zama wani nau'in matsakaici wanda ke ba da damar tattaunawa tsakanin al'umma da ruhohi (yawanci na matattu ko ruhohin da ke da alaƙa). Kuma raye-rayen da aka rufe fuska wani bangare ne na yawancin bukukuwan gargajiya na Afirka da ke da alaka da bukukuwan aure, jana'izar, bukukuwan qaddamarwa, da kuma sauransu. Wasu daga cikin mafi sarkakiya da masana suka yi nazari a kansu, ana samun su a al’adun Nijeriya irin na Yarabawa da na Edo, al’adun da ke da kamanceceniya da ra’ayin wasan kwaikwayo na yammacin Turai. ^[2]

Tunda kowane abin rufe fuska yana da takamaiman ma'ana ta ruhaniya, yawancin al'adun sun ƙunshi masarukan gargajiya daban-daban. Addinin gargajiya na mutanen Dogon na Mali, alal misali, ya ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin asiri guda uku ( Awa ko ƙungiyar matattu, Bini ko ƙungiyar sadarwa da ruhohi, da Lebe ko ɗabi'a); kowane ɗayan waɗannan yana da ruhohin ruhohi, wanda ya dace da nau'ikan masks guda 78 gabaɗaya. Kuma Sau da yawa yakan faru cewa ingancin zane-zane da rikitarwa na abin rufe fuska yana nuna mahimmancin dangi na ruhun da aka kwatanta a cikin tsarin imani na wasu mutane; alal misali, abin rufe fuska mafi sauƙi kamar su kple kple mutanen Baoulé na Cote d’Ivoire (ainihin da’irar da ke da ƙananan idanu, baki da ƙaho) suna da alaƙa da ƙananan ruhohi. ^[3]

Masks na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan manyan fasahar Afirka waɗanda a bayyane suka yi tasiri ga fasahar Turai da Yammacin Turai gabaɗaya ; kuma a cikin karni na ashirin, ƙungiyoyin fasaha irin su cubism, fauvism da kuma expressionism sau da yawa sun ɗauki wahayi daga ɗimbin al'adun gargajiya na Afirka. ^[4] Hakanan ana iya samun tasirin wannan gadon a cikin wasu al'adu kamar su Kudu- da Amurka ta tsakiya da abin rufe fuska na Carnival .

1. ↑ This idea has been literally portrayed in the well-known novel Things Fall Apart by Nigerian writer Chief Chinua Achebe. While the author hints at the importance of the masks themselves in the same novel, masked elders are particularly hostile towards the missionaries, a symbolic representation of the opposition of traditional Nigerian culture (as represented by the mask-spirits) and the new values brought along by European Christians.
2. ↑ Analogies between Nigerian ceremonies and the theatre of Ancient Greece (as well as the Western theatre in general) have been developed by the Nobel Prize winning Nigerian writer Chief Wole Soyinka. Soyinka wrote dramas based on the Yoruba traditions and, conversely, he has "africanized" classical works of the Western theatre such as Euripides' The Bacchae or Bertolt Brecht's The Threepenny Opera.
3. ↑ See Faces of the Spirit
4. ↑ Fauvism Archived 2011-08-11 at the Wayback Machine at Art Snap