Binciken Asali na Korona

Binciken Asali na Korona
hypothesis (en) , aspect of history (en) , origin tracing (en) , sanadi da source of infection (en)
Bayanai
Bangare na	Koronavirus 2019 da Murar Mashaƙo 2019
Facet of (en)	SARS-CoV-2 (mul) da Murar Mashaƙo 2019
Ta biyo baya	Murar Mashaƙo 2019

Akwai ƙoƙarin ci gaba dayawa na masana kimiyya, gwamnatoci, kungiyoyin ƙasa da kasa, da sauransu don tantance asalin SARS-CoO-2, kwayar da ke da alhakin cutar ta COVID-19. Mai masana kimiyya ce cewa kamar yadda tare da kuma sauran cututtukan annoba a tarihin dan Adam, da cutar ne m na zoonotic asalin a wata halitta saitin, sannan da kuma kyakkyawan samo asali daga wani jemage-haifa cutar.^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]} An gabatar da wasu bayanai da dama, gami da ra'ayoyin makirci da yawa game da asalin kwayar cutar.^[8][9][10]

SARS-CoV-2 yana da kamanceceniya ta kamanceceniya da Kuma coronaviruses jemagu da yawa da aka gano a baya, yana ba da shawarar cewa ya kuma ratsa cikin mutane daga jemagu.^{[11][12][13][14][4]} Ana kuma cigaba da bincike kan ko SARS-CoV-2 ta fito ne kai tsaye daga jemagu ko a kaikaice ta kowane runduna ta tsakiya.^[15] Jerin kwayoyin halittar farko na kwayar cutar sun nuna bambancin bambancin kwayoyin halitta, duk da cewa daga baya wasu bambance-bambancen bambance-bambancen sun fito (wasu suna yaduwa da karfi), suna nuna cewa abin da ya haifar da bullar SARS-CoV-2 ga mutane yana iya faruwa a ƙarshen shekarar 2019.^[16] Hukumomin kiwon lafiya da masana kimiyya a duniya sun bayyana cewa kamar barkewar cutar ta SARS-1 a shekarar 2002-2004, ƙoƙarin gano takamaiman asalin yanki da asalin haraji na SARS-CoV-2 na iya ɗaukar shekaru, kuma sakamakon na iya zama mara ƙima.^[17]

A cikin Janairun shekara ta 2021, Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (kwamitin yanke shawara na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, WHO) ta ba da umarnin bincike kan asalin cutar, wanda za a gudanar tare tsakanin masana WHO da masana kimiyya na China. A cikin Maris din shekarata 2021, an buga sakamakon wannan binciken akan layi a cikin rahoto ga Kwamishinan WHO.^[1][18][19] Sake maimaita kimantawar yawancin masu ilimin viro,^[20][21][22] rahoton ya ƙaddara cewa mai yiwuwa ƙwayar cutar tana da asalin zoonotic a cikin jemagu, mai yiwuwa ta watsa ta hanyar mai watsa shiri na tsakiya. Ta kuma bayyana cewa asalin dakin gwaje -gwaje na kwayar cutar “ba zai yiwu ba.”^{[8] [23]}Masana kimiyya sun gano ƙarshen rahoton na WHO yana da taimako amma sun lura cewa ana buƙatar ƙarin aiki.^[24] A Amurka, EU da wasu ƙasashe, wasu sun soki rashin gaskiya da samun bayanai a cikin tsarin rahoton. ^[25][26] Hukumar ta WHO ta fitar da rahotonta na ranar 30 ga Maris tare da sanarwar babban daraktan WHO Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus yana mai cewa lamarin "yana bukatar karin bincike".^[27][28][29] Gwamnatin Amurka da wasu ƙasashe 13 da Tarayyar Turai sun ba da sanarwa a wannan rana, inda suka yi ta sukar Tedros game da rahoton saboda rashin gaskiya da samun bayanai a cikin tsara shi.^[30][31] A cikin wani taron manema labarai daga baya, babban daraktan na WHO ya ce "bai kai lokaci ba" ga rahoton na WHO don yin watsi da yuwuwar alaƙa tsakanin ɓarkewar dakin gwaje-gwaje kuma ya yi kira ga China da ta samar da '' bayanai masu inganci '' da binciken lab a mataki na biyu na bincike.^[32][33] A ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2021, WHO ta ba da sanarwar sabuwar ƙungiya don yin nazarin asalin barkewar cutar sankara.^[34]

Tun da farko, a ranar 22 ga Yuli 2021, gwamnatin kasar Sin ta gudanar da taron manema labarai inda Zeng Yixin, Mataimakin Ministan Lafiya na Hukumar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa (NHC), ya ce China ba za ta shiga cikin kashi na biyu na binciken na WHO ba, tare da yin tir da shi a matsayin "m" da "girman kai".^[35][36]

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1} Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named WHOconvened2
2. ↑ "The COVID-19 coronavirus epidemic has a natural origin, scientists say – Scripps Research's analysis of public genome sequence data from SARS‑CoV‑2 and related viruses found no evidence that the virus was made in a laboratory or otherwise engineered". EurekAlert!. Scripps Research Institute. 17 March 2020. Archived from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
3. ↑ Latinne, Alice; Hu, Ben; Olival, Kevin J.; Zhu, Guangjian; Zhang, Libiao; Li, Hongying; Chmura, Aleksei A.; Field, Hume E.; Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlos; Epstein, Jonathan H.; Li, Bei; Zhang, Wei; Wang, Lin-Fa; Shi, Zheng-Li; Daszak, Peter (25 August 2020). "Origin and cross-species transmission of bat coronaviruses in China". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 4235. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.4235L. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17687-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7447761. PMID 32843626.
4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1} Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Proximal2
5. ↑ Gorman, James; Zimmer, Carl (13 May 2021). "Another Group of Scientists Calls for Further Inquiry Into Origins of the Coronavirus". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
6. ↑ Hu, Ben; Guo, Hua; Zhou, Peng; Shi, Zheng-Li (6 October 2020). "Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 19 (3): 141–154. doi:10.1038/s41579-020-00459-7. ISSN 1740-1526. PMC 7537588. PMID 33024307.
7. ↑ Kramer, Jillian (30 March 2021). "Here's what the WHO report found on the origins of COVID-19". Science (in Turanci). Retrieved 7 June 2021. Most scientists are not surprised by the report's conclusion that SARS-CoV-2 most likely jumped from an infected bat or pangolin to another animal and then to a human.
8. ↑ ^{8.0 8.1} Horowitz, Josh; Stanway, David (9 February 2021). "COVID may have taken 'convoluted path' to Wuhan, WHO team leader says". Reuters. Archived from the original on 10 February 2021. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
9. ↑ Pauls K, Yates J (27 January 2020). "Online claims that Chinese scientists stole coronavirus from Winnipeg lab have 'no factual basis'". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 8 February 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
10. ↑ "China's rulers see the coronavirus as a chance to tighten their grip". The Economist. 8 February 2020. Archived from the original on 29 February 2020. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
11. ↑ Latinne, Alice; Hu, Ben; Olival, Kevin J.; et al. (25 August 2020). "Origin and cross-species transmission of bat coronaviruses in China". Nature Communications (in Turanci). 11 (1): 4235. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.4235L. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17687-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7447761. PMID 32843626.
12. ↑ Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, et al. (February 2020). "A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin". Nature. 579 (7798): 270–273. Bibcode:2020Natur.579..270Z. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7. PMC 7095418. PMID 32015507.
13. ↑ Perlman S (February 2020). "Another Decade, Another Coronavirus". The New England Journal of Medicine. 382 (8): 760–762. doi:10.1056/NEJMe2001126. PMC 7121143. PMID 31978944.
14. ↑ Perlman S (February 2020). "Another Decade, Another Coronavirus". The New England Journal of Medicine. 382 (8): 760–762. doi:10.1056/NEJMe2001126. PMC 7121143. PMID 31978944.
15. ↑ Shield C (7 February 2020). "Coronavirus: From bats to pangolins, how do viruses reach us?". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 4 June 2020. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
16. ↑ Cohen J (January 2020). "Wuhan seafood market may not be source of novel virus spreading globally". Science. doi:10.1126/science.abb0611. S2CID 214574620.
17. ↑ Cadell, Cate (11 December 2020). "One year on, Wuhan market at epicentre of virus outbreak remains barricaded and empty". Reuters. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
18. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named reut_One_year3
19. ↑ Davidson, Helen (9 February 2021). "WHO team says theory Covid began in Wuhan lab 'extremely unlikely'". the Guardian (in Turanci). Retrieved 3 July 2021.
20. ↑ Frutos, Roger; Serra-Cobo, Jordi; Chen, Tianmu; Devaux, Christian A. (October 2020). "COVID-19: Time to exonerate the pangolin from the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to humans". Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 84: 104493. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104493. ISSN 1567-1348. PMC 7405773. PMID 32768565.
21. ↑ Maxmen, Amy; Mallapaty, Smriti (8 June 2021). "The COVID lab-leak hypothesis: what scientists do and don't know". Nature (in Turanci). doi:10.1038/d41586-021-01529-3. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
22. ↑ Osuchowski, Marcin F; Winkler, Martin S; Skirecki, Tomasz; Cajander, Sara; Shankar-Hari, Manu; Lachmann, Gunnar; Monneret, Guillaume; Venet, Fabienne; Bauer, Michael; Brunkhorst, Frank M; Weis, Sebastian; Garcia-Salido, Alberto; Kox, Matthijs; Cavaillon, Jean-Marc; Uhle, Florian; Weigand, Markus A; Flohé, Stefanie B; Wiersinga, W Joost; Almansa, Raquel; de la Fuente, Amanda; Martin-Loeches, Ignacio; Meisel, Christian; Spinetti, Thibaud; Schefold, Joerg C; Cilloniz, Catia; Torres, Antoni; Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J; Ferrer, Ricard; Girardis, Massimo; Cossarizza, Andrea; Netea, Mihai G; van der Poll, Tom; Bermejo-Martín, Jesús F; Rubio, Ignacio (6 May 2021). "The COVID-19 puzzle: deciphering pathophysiology and phenotypes of a new disease entity". The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine. 9 (6): 622–642. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00218-6. ISSN 2213-2600. PMC 8102044 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 33965003 Check |pmid= value (help).
23. ↑ Fujiyama, Emily Wang; Moritsugu, Ken (11 February 2021). "EXPLAINER: What the WHO coronavirus experts learned in Wuhan". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
24. ↑ Mallapati, Smriti (1 April 2021). "After the WHO report: what's next in the search for COVID's origins". Nature News. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
25. ↑ Cohen, Jon (17 July 2021). "With call for 'raw data' and lab audits, WHO chief pressures China on pandemic origin probe". Science (in Turanci). Retrieved 23 July 2021.
26. ↑ Cohen, Jon (February 13, 2021). "China refused to provide WHO team with raw data on early COVID cases, team member says". Reuters. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
27. ↑ "Virus origin / Origins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus". www.who.int (in Turanci).
28. ↑ Maxmen, Amy (30 March 2021). "WHO report into COVID pandemic origins zeroes in on animal markets, not labs". Nature (in Turanci). pp. 173–174. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-00865-8. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
29. ↑ Shepherd, Christian (31 March 2021). "China rejects WHO criticism and says Covid lab-leak theory 'ruled out'". www.ft.com. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
30. ↑ Mulier, Thomas (31 March 2021). "WHO Chief Faults Covid Report for Dismissing Lab Leak Theory".
31. ↑ Reuters Staff (31 March 2021). "U.S., 13 countries concerned WHO COVID-19 origin study was delayed, lacked access - statement". Reuters (in Turanci). Retrieved 23 July 2021.
32. ↑ Cohen, Jon (17 July 2021). "With call for 'raw data' and lab audits, WHO chief pressures China on pandemic origin probe". Science (in Turanci). Retrieved 23 July 2021.
33. ↑ Jordans, Frank; Cheng, Maria (15 July 2021). "WHO chief says it was 'premature' to rule out COVID lab leak". AP News (in Turanci). The Associated Press. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
34. ↑ Mueller, Benjamin (12 October 2021). "W.H.O. Will Announce New Team to Study Coronavirus Origins - "This new group can do all the fancy footwork it wants, but China's not going to cooperate," one expert said". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
35. ↑ Buckley, Chris (22 July 2021). "China denounces the W.H.O.'s call for another look at the Wuhan lab as 'shocking' and 'arrogant.'". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
36. ↑ Ben Westcott, Isaac Yee and Yong Xiong. "Chinese government rejects WHO plan for second phase of Covid-19 origins study". CNN. Retrieved 23 July 2021.