Hijaz

Hijaz
yankin taswira
Bayanai
Ƙasa	Saudi Arebiya
Wuri
23°30′13″N 40°51′35″E / 23.5036°N 40.8597°E / 23.5036; 40.8597
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Saudi Arebiya
Province of Saudi Arabia (en)	yankin Makka

Hijaz kalmar da turanci: The Hejaz (/hiːˈdʒ^[1]æz, hɪˈ-, kuma Amurka: /hɛˈ-/; a Larabci: ٱلْحِجَاز, romanized: al-Ḥijāz, lit. 'the Barrier', Lardin Larabci na Hejazi: [alħɪˈdʒaːz yanki ne wanda ya haɗa da gabar tekun yammacin Saudiyya, wanda ya mamaye biranen na Makka, Madina, Jeddah, Tabuk, Yanbu, Taif da Baljurashi. Don haka ake kiran shi da "Lardin Yamma", ^[2] kuma tana iyaka da yamma da Tekun Maliya, a arewa da Jordan, a gabas da Najd, a kudu kuma tana iyaka da yankin Asir. ^[3] Babban birninta shine Jeddah, wanda shine birni na biyu mafi girma a Saudi Arabiya, tare da Makka da Madina, bi da bi, shine na hudu da na biyar mafi girma a cikin kasar.^[1]

Hejaz tana da mahimmanci sosai a fagen tarihi da siyasa na Arabo-Islam. Wannan yanki shine mafi yawan jama'a a Saudi Arabia,^[4] kuma Larabci shine yare mafi girma, kamar yadda yake a sauran Saudi Arabiya,a Hejazi Larabci shine yaren da aka fi amfani dashi. Wasu daga cikin ‘yan Hijaz sun samo asali ne daga kabilu daban-daban,^[3] ko da yake mafi yawansu ‘yan asalin Larabawa ne.^[4]

A bisa al'adar Musulunci, wannan yanki shi ne mahaifar annabi Muhammad SAW., wanda aka haife shi a Makka, kakanninsa Ibrahim, Isma'il, da Hajara ne suka kafa shi.^[5]Yankin ya zama wani bangare na daularsa ta hanyar yakukuwan farko na musulmi, kuma ya zama wani bangare na khalifofin da suka biyo baya, na farko Khalifancin khalifa Rashidun, sannan Khalifancin Umayyawa, sannan daga karshe Khalifancin Abbasiyawa. Daular Usmaniyya ta rike wani bangare na iko a yankin; bayan rugujewarta, daular Hejaz mai cin gashin kanta ta wanzu a takaice a cikin shekara ta 1925 kafin makwabciyar masarautar Nejd ta mamaye shi, wanda ya haifar da daular Hejaz da Nejd^[6]. A cikin watan Satumba na 1932, Masarautar Hejaz da Nejd suka shiga cikin masarautar Saudiyya ta Al-Hasa da Qatif, inda suka samar da daular Saudiyya.^[7].

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1} Leatherdale, Clive (1983). Britain and Saudi Arabia, 1925–1939: The Imperial Oasis. Psychology Press. p. 12. ISBN 9780714632209.
2. ↑ Mackey, p. 101. "The Western Province, or the Hejaz[...]"
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1} Hopkins, Daniel J. (2001). Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. p. 479. ISBN 0-87779-546-0 n. Retrieved March 17, 2013
4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1} Minahan, James (1996). Nations Without States: A Historical Dictionary of Contemporary National Movements. Greenwood Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-0-313-28354-3
5. ↑ Lings, Martin (1983). Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources. Islamic Texts Society. ISBN 978-0-946621-33-0.
6. ↑ Yamani, M. (2009), Cradle of Islam: the Hijaz and the quest for an Arabian identity, I.B. Tauris, ISBN 978-1-84511-824-2 (Pbk. ed.)
7. ↑ A Brief overview of Hejaz - Hejaz history Archived August 15, 2018, at the Wayback Machine ^{[verification needed]}