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Wannan mukalar bata da Reference (Manazarta) ko daya, ka taimaka ta hanyar samar da Manazarta daga littafi ko yanar gizo, duba wannan shafin domin samun masaniya akan yanda zaka samar da Reference (Manazarta) a cikin wannan mukalar.
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 kwakwalwa | |
|---|---|
organ type (en)  da class of anatomical entity (en) | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
animal organ (en) , encephalon (en) da particular anatomical entity (en) |
| Bangare na |
Kai, central nervous system (en) da neurovascular system (en) |
| Has cause (en) |
cephalization (en) da brain development (en) |
| Karatun ta |
neuroscience (en) |
| Found in taxon (en) |
Bilateria (mul) |
| Anatomical location (en) |
cranial cavity (en) |
| Alaƙanta da |
spinal cord (en) , optic nerve (en) da cranium (en) |
| Ground level 360 degree view URL (en) | zygotebody.com… da openanatomy.org… |
| NCI Thesaurus ID (en) | C12439 |
Kwakwalwa wata gaba ce da ke aiki a matsayin cibiyar jijiyoyi a cikin dukkan gabobin kashin baya da kuma mafi yawan invertebrate . Yana cikin kai ne, yawanci kusa da gabobin ji don ma'ana kamar hangen nesa . Ita ce mafi hadadden gaba a jikin kashin baya. A jikin ɗan adam, ƙwakwalwa ta ƙunshi kusan 14-16 biliyan neurons, kuma kiyasin adadin neurons a cikin cerebellum shine 55-70 biliyan. [1] Kowane neuron yana haɗe ta hanyar synapses zuwa wasu dubunnan jijiyoyi. Waɗannan jijiyoyi yawanci suna sadarwa da juna ta hanyar dogayen zaruruwa da ake kira axon, waɗanda ke ɗaukar sadarwa na bugun sigina da ake kira ƙarfin aiki zuwa sassa mai nisa na kwakwalwa ko jikin da ke Shirin amsar kwayar halitta.
A ilimin halittar jiki, kwakwalwa suna aiwatar da iko a kan sauran gabobin jiki. Suna aiki akan sauran jikin duka ta hanyar samar da tsarin aikin tsoka da kuma ta hanyar fitar da sinadarai da ake kira hormones . Wannan sarrafawa ta tsakiya yana ba da damar saurin amsawa da haɗin kai ga canje-canje a cikin yanayi . Wasu nau'ikan amsawa na asali kamar reflexes za a iya yin sulhu ta hanyar kashin baya ko ganglia na gefe, amma ƙayyadaddun ikon sarrafa ɗabi'a bisa haɗaɗɗiyar shigarwar azanci yana buƙatar bayanin haɗa ƙarfin kwakwalwa ta tsakiya.
Yanzu ana fahimtar ayyukan kwayar halitta guda ɗaya daki-daki amma har yanzu ba a warware yadda suke haɗa kai cikin tarin miliyoyin mutane ba. [2] Samfuran na baya-bayan nan a cikin ilimin kimiyyar jijiya na zamani suna ɗaukar kwakwalwa a matsayin kwamfuta ta halitta, wadda ta bambanta da na'ura mai kwakwalwa da kwamfuta, amma kamanceceniya ta yadda tana samun bayanai daga kewayen duniya, tana adana ta, da sarrafa ta ta hanyoyi daban-daban.
Wannan makalan yana auna ayyukan kwakwalwa a cikin dukkan nau'ikan dabbobi, tare da kulawa mafi girma ga kashin baya. Yana mu'amala da kwakwalwar dan adam gwargwadon yadda yake raba abubuwan da sauran kwakwalwar suke. Hanyoyin da kwakwalwar dan adam ta bambanta da sauran kwakwalwa an rufe su a cikin labarin kwakwalwar mutum. Batutuwa da dama da za a iya rufe su a maimakon haka an rufe su a can domin ana iya faɗi da yawa game da su a cikin mahallin ɗan adam. Muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin labarin kwakwalwar ɗan adam sune cututtukan kwakwalwa da illar lalacewar kwakwalwa .
Siffa da girman kwakwalwa sun bambanta sosai tsakanin nau'in jinsi, kuma gano abubuwan gama gari sau da yawa yana da wahala. Duk da haka, akwai wasu ƙa'idodi na gine-ginen kwakwalwa waɗanda ke aiki a cikin nau'in nau'in ka'idoji da tsarin gine-ginen da ke cikin tsarin gine-ginen kwakwalwa da suka shafi tsarin gine-ginen kwakwalwa da ke amfani da tsarin kwakwalwa da suka shafi aikin kwakwalwa da yawa. Wasu sassa na tsarin kwakwalwa sun zama gama gari ga kusan dukkanin nau'ikan dabbobi; wasu sun bambanta da kwakwalwar ''ci-gaba'' daga wadanda suka fi dadewa, ko kuma suka banbance kashin baya da na baya. [3]
Hanya mafi sauƙi don samun bayanai game da ilimin halittar kwakwalwa ita ce ta duban gani, amma an ƙirƙiri wasu fasahohi masu yawa. Naman kwakwalwa a cikin yanayinsa yana da taushi sosai don yin aiki da shi, amma ana iya daure shi ta hanyar nutsewa a cikin barasa ko wasu abubuwan gyarawa, sannan a yanka shi don nazarin ciki. A gani, cikin kwakwalwa ya ƙunshi yankuna abin da ake kira launin toka, tare da launi mai duhu, rabu da yankunan fararen fata, tare da launi mai haske. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani ta hanyar ɓata sassan nama na kwakwalwa tare da sinadarai iri-iri waɗanda ke fitar da wuraren da takamaiman nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta ke cikin yawa. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a bincika ƙananan ƙwayoyin nama na kwakwalwa ta amfani da na'urar hangen nesa, da kuma gano tsarin haɗin kai daga wannan yanki na kwakwalwa zuwa wani.