Laifi

Laifi
social issue (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	violation of law (en)
Suna saboda	Awan (en)
Has cause (en)	anti-social behaviour (en)
Karatun ta	criminology (en)
Has characteristic (en)	developmental stage of a criminal offence (en)
Tarihin maudu'i	history of crime (en)
Manifestation of (en)	criminality (en)
Gudanarwan	criminal (en) da habitual offender (en)
Agents of action have role (en)	criminal (en)
Class of agent(s) of action (en)	mutum da group of humans (en)
Handled, mitigated, or managed by (en)	crime prevention (en) da crime control (en)
WordLift URL (en)	https://data.wordlift.io/wl76541/entity/criminal

A cikin yare na yau da kullun, laifi haramun ne wanda gwamnati ko wata hukuma ke hukuntawa. Kalmar laifi ba ta a cikin dokar laifuka ta zamani, tana da kowane ma'ana mai sauƙi kuma tana karɓuwa a duk duniya, ko da yake an ba da ma'anar doka don wasu dalilai. ^[1] Mafi shaharar ra'ayi shi ne cewa laifuka wani nau'i ne da doka ta ƙirƙiro; a wasu kalmomi, wani abu laifi ne idan doka mai dacewa da aiki ta bayyana shi a matsayin haka.^[2] Wata ma'anar da aka gabatar ita ce laifi ko laifi (ko laifin aikata laifuka) wani aiki ne mai cutarwa ba kawai ga wani mutum ba har ma ga al'umma, al'umma, ko jiha (" kuskuren jama'a"). Irin waɗanda ayyukan haramun ne kuma doka tana hukunta su.^[3]

Tunanin cewa za a haramta aikata laifuka kamar kisan kai, fyaɗe, da sata ya wanzu a duk duniya. Menene ainihin laifin aikata laifuka ana bayyana shi ta hanyar dokar laifuka na kowane ikon da ya dace. Duk da yake mutane da yawa suna da kasida na laifuka da ake kira criminal code, a wasu ƙasashen doka na gama gari babu irin wannan ƙa'ida mai mahimmanci.

Jiha (gwamnati) tana da ikon takura wa mutum ’yanci don aikata laifi. A cikin al'ummomin zamani, akwai hanyoyin da bincike da gwaji dole ne su bi. Idan aka same shi da laifi, za a iya yanke wa wanda ya aikata laifin wani nau'i na ramuwa kamar hukuncin al'umma, ko kuma, dangane da irin laifin da aka aikata, daurin kurkuku, daurin rai da rai ko, a wasu hukunce-hukuncen, kisa. Wasu hukunce-hukuncen suna yanke wa mutane hukunci zuwa shirye-shirye don jaddada ko samar da gyaran su yayin da mafi yawan hukunce-hukuncen ke yanke wa mutane hukunci da manufar azabtar da su ko kuma cuɗanya da ayyukan da aka ambata.^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}

Yawancin lokaci, don a rarraba shi a matsayin laifi, "aikin aikata wani abu mai laifi" (actus reus) dole ne – tare da wasu keɓancewa – a tare da "nufin aikata wani abu mai laifi" (mens rea).^[4]

Yayin da kowane laifi ya saba wa doka, ba kowane keta doka ba ne ake daukarsa a matsayin laifi. Ba a hukunta keta dokar sirri (gallazawa da karya kwangila) ta hanyar gwamnati ta atomatik, to amma ana iya aiwatar da su ta hanyar farar hula.

1. ↑ In the United Kingdom, for instance, the definitions provided by section 243(2) of the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 and by the Schedule to the Prevention of Crimes Act 1871.
2. ↑ Farmer, Lindsay: "Crime, definitions of", in Cane and Conoghan (editors), The New Oxford Companion to Law, Oxford University Press, 2008 (ISBN 978-0-19-929054-3), p. 263 (Google Books Archived 2016-06-04 at the Wayback Machine).
3. ↑ In the United Kingdom, for instance, the definitions provided by section 243(2) of the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 and by the Schedule to the Prevention of Crimes Act 1871.
4. ↑ Elizabeth A. Martin (2003). Oxford Dictionary of Law (7 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-860756-4.