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Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
Rayuwa
Haihuwa 'Uyayna (en) Fassara, 1703
Mutuwa Diriyah (en) Fassara, 22 ga Yuni, 1792
Ƴan uwa
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Yara
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Imani
Addini Musulunci

Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb at-Tamīmī (; Larabci: مُحَمَّدُ بنُ عَبْدِ الوَهَّابِ التَّمِيْمِيُّ‎; 1703 Anhaifeshi ranaar 22 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1703 - 1792) ya kasance mai wa'azin Musulunci,[1] shugaban addini,[2] mai kawo sauyi,[3] mai fafutuka,[4] kuma masanin tauhidi[1][3] daga Najd a tsakiyar Larabawa, wanda ake ganinsa a matsayin babban wanda ya kafa kungiyar Wahabiyawa mai fafutuka.[1][3][5][6][7][8][9] Fitattun dalibansa sun hada da ‘ya’yansa Husayn, Abdullahi, Ali, da Ibrahim, da jikansa Abdur-Raḥman ibn Hasan, da surukinsa ‘Abdul-’Azīz ibn Muḥammad ibn Sa’ūd, Hammad ibn Nāṣir ibn Muʿammar, da kuma Ḥusayn āl-Ghannām.

Lakabin "Wahabiyya" ba mabiyansa ke da'awar ba amma ana aiki da su wajen suka.[2][10][11] An haife shi a gidan malaman fikihu, Ilimin farko na Ibn Abdulwahhab ya ƙunshi koyan ingantaccen tsarin koyarwa na fikihu bisa mazhabar Hanbali ta shari’ar Musulunci, wadda ita ce makarantar da ta fi yawa a yankin da aka haife shi. Ya inganta tsantsar riko da shari’ar Musulunci ta gargajiya, inda ya bayyana wajibcin komawa ga Al-Qur’ani da Hadisi kai tsaye maimakon dogaro da tafsirin tsakiyar zamani, sannan ya dage cewa kowane musulmi – mace da namiji – ya karanta kuma ya yi karatun Alkur’ani da kansa.[12] Ya yi adawa da taklidi (makafin bin) kuma ya yi kira da a yi amfani da ijtihadi (hanyoyin shari'a masu zaman kansu ta hanyar bincike na nassi).[13][14] Ya sami horo na farko a al'adar musulmin Sunna na gargajiya, Ibn Abdulwahhab a hankali ya zama mai adawa da yawancin mashahurai, amma duk da haka masu adawa da ayyukan addini kamar ziyarta da kuma girmama wuraren ibada da kaburburan waliyyai musulmi,[3][9][15] wanda ya ji kamar bidi'a ne. bidi'a ta addini ko ma bautar gumaka.[15][16] Kiransa na gyara zamantakewa a cikin al'umma ya dogara ne akan mahimmin akidar tauhidi ( kadaita Allah).[17][18]

Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

Duk da cewa da yawa daga cikin manyan malaman musulmin Sunna na wannan zamani sun yi watsi da koyarwarsa da adawa da shi,[19][16][20] ciki har da mahaifinsa da dan uwansa,[19][20][21] Ibn AbdulWahhab ya kulla yarjejeniyar siyasa da addini da Muhammad bin Saud don taimaka masa wajen kafa Masarautar. Diriyah, kasa ta farko ta Saudiyya,[22][23] kuma ta fara kulla kawance da tsarin raba madafun iko a tsakanin iyalansu wanda har ya zuwa yau a kasar Saudiyya.[22][2][24] Al ash-Sheikh, babban gidan addini na Saudiyya, zuriyar Ibn Abd al-Wahhab ne,[2][24] kuma a tarihi sun jagoranci malamai a kasar Saudiyya,[24][25] inda suka mamaye cibiyoyin malamai na kasar.[24][26]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Crawford, Michael (2014). "Chapter 4: CHAMPION OF TRUE BELIEF". Makers of the Muslim World: Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab. 10 Bloomsbury Street, London WC1B 3SR, England: One World Publications. p. 53. ISBN 978-1-78074-589-3. Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab’s formal output was limited. He was above all a preacher, teacher and activist.CS1 maint: location (link)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Haykel 2013, pp. 231–32.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad (d. 1791 )". Oxford Islamic Studies Online. Archived from the original on 12 July 2016.
  4. ↑ Mouline, Nabil (2014). The Clerics of Islam: Religious Authority and Political Power in Saudi Arabia. London: Yale University Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-300-17890-6. He was not a great intellectual like Ibn Qudama, Ibn Taymiyya, or Ibn al-Qayyim but rather an activist..
  5. ↑ Asad, Talal (2003). Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. p. 222. ISBN 978-0804747684. Archived from the original on 11 June 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  6. ↑ Crooke, Alastair (30 March 2017) [First published 27 August 2014]. "You Can't Understand ISIS If You Don't Know the History of Wahhabism in Saudi Arabia". The Huffington Post. New York. Archived from the original on 28 August 2014. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
  7. ↑ Hubbard, Ben (10 July 2016). "A Saudi Morals Enforcer Called for a More Liberal Islam. Then the Death Threats Began". The New York Times. New York. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 15 December 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  8. ↑ Sells, Michael (22 December 2016). "Wahhabist Ideology: What It Is And Why It's A Problem". The Huffington Post. New York. Archived from the original on 8 April 2020. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Ágoston & Masters 2009, p. 260.
  10. ↑ Commins 2015, p. 151.
  11. ↑ Silverstein 2010, pp. 112–13.
  12. ↑ J. Delong-Bas, Natana (2004). Wahhabi Islam:From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad. New York 10016: Oxford University Press. pp. 29, 30, 117, 28, 37. ISBN 0195169913.CS1 maint: location (link)
  13. ↑ "Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad (d. 1791 )". Oxford Islamic Studies. Archived from the original on 12 July 2016.
  14. ↑ J. Delong-Bas, Natana (2004). Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 14, 21, 29. ISBN 0195169913.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Crooke, Alastair (30 March 2017) [First published 27 August 2014]. "You Can't Understand ISIS If You Don't Know the History of Wahhabism in Saudi Arabia". The Huffington Post. New York. Archived from the original on 28 August 2014. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Khatab 2011, pp. 56–76.
  17. ↑ J. Delong-Bass, Natana (2004). Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 13. ISBN 0195169913.
  18. ↑ "Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad (d. 1791 )". Oxford Islamic Studies Online. Archived from the original on 12 July 2016. Plans for socioreligious reform in society were based on the key doctrine of tawhid (oneness of God)
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Brown 2009, p. 245.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Traboulsi, Samer (January 2002). Brunner, Rainer (ed.). "An Early Refutation of Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb's Reformist Views". Die Welt des Islams. Leiden: Brill Publishers. 42 (3: Arabic Literature and Islamic Scholarship in the 17th/18th Century: Topics and Biographies): 373–415. doi:10.1163/15700600260435038. eISSN 1570-0607. ISSN 0043-2539. JSTOR 1571420.
  21. ↑ Gaye 2021, p. 212.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Esposito 2004, p. 123.
  23. ↑ Hourani 1992: 257–58
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 Nawaf E. Obaid (September 1999). "The Power of Saudi Arabia's Islamic Leaders". Middle East Quarterly. Middle East Forum. 6 (3): 51–58. Archived from the original on 6 August 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  25. ↑ Abir 1987: 4, 5, 7
  26. ↑ Metz 1992
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