Budhgrah

Mercury

Mercury in true color (by MESSENGER in 2008)
Designations
Adjectives	Mercurian /mərˈkjʊəriən/,[1] Mercurial /mərˈkjʊəriəl/[2]
Symbol
Orbital characteristics
Epoch J2000
Aphelion	0.466697 AU (69.82 million km)
Perihelion	0.307499 AU (46.00 million km)
Semi-major axis	0.387098 AU (57.91 million km)
Eccentricity	0.205630[3]
Orbital period (sidereal)	87.9691 d 0.240846 yr 0.5 Mercury synodic days
Orbital period (synodic)	115.88 d[3]
Average orbital speed	47.36 km/s[3]
Mean anomaly	174.796°
Inclination	7.005° to ecliptic 3.38° to Sun's equator 6.35° to invariable plane
Longitude of ascending node	48.331°
Argument of perihelion	29.124°
Satellites	None
Physical characteristics
Mean radius	2,439.7±1.0 km 0.3829 Earths
Flattening	0.0009[3]
Surface area	7.48×107 km2 0.147 Earths
Volume	6.083×1010 km3 0.056 Earths
Mass	3.3011×1023 kg 0.055 Earths
Mean density	5.427 g/cm3
Surface gravity	3.7 m/s2 (0.38 g0)
Moment of inertia factor	0.346±0.014
Escape velocity	4.25 km/s
Synodic rotation period	176 d[4]
Sidereal rotation period	58.646 d 1407.5 h
Equatorial rotation velocity	3.026 m/s
Axial tilt	2.04Template:Prime ± 0.08Template:Prime (to orbit) (0.034°)[3]
North pole right ascension	Template:RA 281.01° [3][5]
North pole declination	61.41° [5]
Albedo	0.088 (Bond) 0.142 (geom.)
Temperature	437 K (164 °C) (blackbody temperature)[6]
Surface temp. min mean max 0°N, 0°W [7] −173 °C 67 °C 427 °C 85°N, 0°W[7] −193 °C −73 °C 106.85 °C
Apparent magnitude	−2.48 to +7.25
Absolute magnitude (H)	−0.4[8]
Angular diameter	4.5–13Template:Pprime[3]
Atmosphere[3][9][10]
Surface pressure	trace (≲ 0.5 nPa)
Composition by volume	atomic oxygen sodium magnesium atomic hydrogen potassium calcium helium Trace amounts of iron, aluminium, argon, dinitrogen, dioxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, xenon, krypton, and neon

Budhgrah (pratiik: ; Mercury) uu planet hae jon ki Suraj ke sab se nachdik hae aur Saur mandal (Solar system) me sab se chhota hae. Ii planet jab dunia se dekha jaae hae tab ii bahut bright dekhae hae, lekin jaada kar ke ii suraj ke bahut nachdik rahe hae aur dekhae nai hae.

1. ↑ "Mercurian". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020.
2. ↑ "Mercurial". Lexico UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on December 22, 2019.
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7} Williams, David R. (November 25, 2020). "Mercury Fact Sheet". NASA. Archived from the original on April 3, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
4. ↑ "ESO". ESO. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1} Archinal, B. A.; Acton, C. H.; A'Hearn, M. F.; Conrad, A.; Consolmagno, G. J.; Duxbury, T.; Hestroffer, D.; Hilton, J. L. et al. (2018). "Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2015" (in en). Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 130 (3). doi:10.1007/s10569-017-9805-5. ISSN 0923-2958. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10569-017-9805-5.
6. ↑ "Atmospheres and Planetary Temperatures". American Chemical Society. July 18, 2013. Archived from the original on January 27, 2023. Retrieved January 3, 2023.
7. ↑ ^{7.0 7.1} Vasavada, Ashwin R.; Paige, David A.; Wood, Stephen E. (February 19, 1999). "Near-Surface Temperatures on Mercury and the Moon and the Stability of Polar Ice Deposits". Icarus 141 (2): 179–193. doi:10.1006/icar.1999.6175. ISSN 0019-1035. Figure 3 with the "TWO model"; Figure 5 for pole. http://www.gps.caltech.edu/classes/ge151/references/vasavada_et_al_1999.pdf. Retrieved February 18, 2012.
8. ↑ "Encyclopedia - the brightest bodies". IMCCE. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved May 29, 2023.
9. ↑ Milillo, A.; Wurz, P.; Orsini, S.; Delcourt, D.; Kallio, E.; Killen, R. M.; Lammer, H.; Massetti, S. et al. (April 2005). "Surface-Exosphere-Magnetosphere System Of Mercury". Space Science Reviews 117 (3–4): 397–443. doi:10.1007/s11214-005-3593-z.
10. ↑ Berezhnoy, Alexey A. (January 2018). "Chemistry of impact events on Mercury". Icarus 300: 210–222. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.08.034.