Fundamentalizam

Fundamentalizam je tendencija pripadnika nekih skupina, kao i pojedinaca, da strogo doslovno interpretiraju i prate riječi neke svete knjige, dogme ili ideologije. Popratno tome, fundamentalizam naglašava važnost »čistoće« nekoga vjerovanja, zbog čega je razlika između sljedbenika i nesljedbenika ključno obilježje u sklopu fundamentalističkog svjetonazora.^[1][2][3][4] Osobe koje se smatraju »nečistima« time se označuju kao odlutale od nekog prijašnjeg ideala, dok su sljedbenici oni koji ga pokušavaju uzdržati. Termin fundamentalizma tipično se spominje u kontekstu religije kako bi se naznačilo praćenje skupine neupitnih, temeljnih vjerovanja (ili »fundamenata«).^[5]

Stručnjaci za religiju pojam fundamentalizma povezuju poglavito sa suvremenim fenomenom koji, iako je i sâm nova interpretacija vjerovanja prema modernističkim parametrima, materijalizira vjeru kao reakcija na modernističke, sekularne, liberalne i ekumenske tendencije unutar religije i šireg društva koje fundamentalisti smatraju tuđima svojoj vjerskoj tradiciji.^[6] Ovisno o kontekstu, etiketa »fundamentalističkog« katkad se koristi kao pejorativ umjesto neutralnog opisa vjerovanja, što je slično proglašavanju političkih vjerovanja »desničarskima« ili »ljevičarskima« uz negativne konotacije.^[7][8]

1. ↑ Altemeyer, B.; Hunsberger, B. 1992. Authoritarianism, religious fundamentalism, quest, and prejudice. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. 2 (2): 113–133. doi:10.1207/s15327582ijpr0202_5
2. ↑ Kunst, Jonas R.; Thomsen, Lotte; Sam, David L. Lipanj 2014. Late Abrahamic reunion? Religious fundamentalism negatively predicts dual Abrahamic group categorization among Muslims and Christians: Late Abrahamic reunion. European Journal of Social Psychology. 44 (4): 337–348. doi:10.1002/ejsp.2014
3. ↑ Kunst, J. R.; Thomsen, L. 2014. Prodigal sons: Dual Abrahamic categorization mediates the detrimental effects of religious fundamentalism on Christian-Muslim relations. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. 25 (4): 293–306. doi:10.1080/10508619.2014.937965. hdl:10852/43723. S2CID 53625066
4. ↑ Hunsberger, B. 1995. Religion and prejudice: The role of religious fundamentalism, quest, and right-wing authoritarianism. Journal of Social Issues. 51 (2): 113–129. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1995.tb01326.x. ... the fundamentalism and quest relationships with prejudice are especially meaningful in light of an association with right‐wing authoritarianism. ... In the end, it would seem that it is not religion per se, but rather the ways in which individuals hold their religious beliefs, which are associated with prejudice.
5. ↑ Nagata, Judith. Lipanj 2001. Beyond Theology: Toward an Anthropology of "Fundamentalism". American Anthropologist. 103 (2): 481–498. doi:10.1525/aa.2001.103.2.481. Once considered exclusively a matter of religion, theology, or scriptural correctness, use of the term fundamentalism has recently undergone metaphorical expansion into other domains [...].
6. ↑ Armstrong, Karen. 2004. Fundamentalism and the Secular Society. International Journal. 59 (4): 875–877. doi:10.2307/40203988. JSTOR 40203988
7. ↑ Harris, Harriet. 2008. Fundamentalism and Evangelicals. Oxford University Press. Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-953253-7. OCLC 182663241
8. ↑ Boer, Roland. 2005. Fundamentalism (PDF). Tony Bennett; Lawrence Grossberg; Meaghan Morris; Raymond Williams (ur.). New keywords: a revised vocabulary of culture and society. Blackwell Publishing. Cambridge, Massachusetts. str. 134–137. ISBN 978-0-631-22568-3. OCLC 230674627. Inačica izvorne stranice (PDF) arhivirana 10. rujna 2008. Pristupljeno 27. srpnja 2008.. Widely used as a pejorative term to designate one's fanatical opponents – usually religious and/or political – rather than oneself, fundamentalism began in Christian Protestant circles in the eC20. Originally restricted to debates within evangelical ('gospel-based') Protestantism, it is now employed to refer to any person or group that is characterized as unbending, rigorous, intolerant, and militant. The term has two usages, the prior one a positive self-description, which then developed into the later derogatory usage that is now widespread.