Falange Spanyol Tradisionalis dari Dewan Ofensif Sindikalis Nasional (bahasa Spanyol: Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista; FET y de las JONS ), sering disingkat menjadi "FET",[31] adalah sebuah partai politik sayap kanan jauh di Spanyol selama rezim Franco, yang pada masa itu merupakan satu-satunya partai yang sah. Partai ini dibentuk oleh Jenderal Francisco Franco pada tahun 1937 sebagai penggabungan dari partai fasis Falange Española de las JONS (FE de las JONS) dengan partai neo-absolutisme monarki dan integralis Katolik Komuni Tradisionalis yang termasuk dalam gerakan Carlist. Selain kemiripan nama, partai ini secara formal mempertahankan sebagian besar platform FE de las JONS (26 dari 27 poin) dan struktur internal yang serupa. Berlaku hingga April 1977, namanya diubah menjadi Movimiento Nacional pada tahun 1958.
- ^ "Real Decreto 1607/1976, de 7 de julio, por el que que se nombran los Ministros del Gobierno" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (163): 13385. 8 July 1976. ISSN 0212-033X.
- ^ "Real Decreto-ley 23/1977, de 1 de abril, sobre reestructuración de los órganos dependientes del Consejo Nacional y nuevo régimen jurídico de las Asociaciones, funcionarios y patrimonio del Movimiento" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (83): 7768–7770. 7 April 1977. ISSN 0212-033X.
- ^ "El yugo y las flechas de Alcalá 44, desmontados" [The yoke and arrows of Alcalá 44, dismantled]. El País (dalam bahasa Spanyol). 10 April 1977.
- ^ Watkins, Jacob Fox (2014). "Not Just "Franco 's Spain" - The Spanish Political Landscape During Re-Emergence through the Pact of Madrid". Bulletin for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies. 39 (1). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 3 February 2018. Diakses tanggal 6 May 2015.
- ^ see e.g. González Cuevas 2008, pp. 1170–1171, Rodríguez Núñez 2013, Heleno Saña, Historia de la filosófia española, Madrid 2007, ISBN 9788496710986, p. 255 and onwards, in popular discourse Pradera is "one of the icons and pilars of Francoism", see ABC 25.10.04, available here
- ^ Gonzalo Redondo Galvez, Política, cultura y sociedad en la España de Franco, 1939–1975, vol. 1, Pamplona 1999, ISBN 8431317132; according to the author, "el authoritarismo franquista no fue de signo fascista sino tradicionalista", according to another, "el authoritarismo franquista no fue de signo fascista sino tradicionalista", see Juan María Sanchez-Prieto, Lo que fué y lo que no fué Franco, [in:] Nueva Revista de Política, Cultura y Arte 69 (2000), pp. 30–38
- ^ García-Fernández, Mónica (February 2022). "From National Catholicism to Romantic Love: The Politics of Love and Divorce in Franco's Spain". Contemporary European History. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. 31 (1, Special Issue: The Contemporary European History Prize): 2–14. doi:10.1017/S0960777321000515
. ISSN 1469-2171.
- ^ "The Extreme Right in Spain - Surviving in the Shadow of Franco" (PDF). core.ac.uk. Hedda Samdahl Weltz. 2014.
- ^ Blamires, Cyprian P., ed. (2006). World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, California, USA: ABC-CLIO. hlm. 219–220.
- ^ Badie, Bertrand; Berg-Schlosser, Dirk; Morlino, Leonardo, ed. (7 September 2011). International Encyclopedia of Political Science. SAGE Publications (dipublikasikan tanggal 2011). ISBN 9781483305394. Diakses tanggal 9 September 2020.
... fascist Italy ... developed a state structure known as the corporate state with the ruling party acting as a mediator between 'corporations' making up the body of the nation. Similar designs were quite popular elsewhere in the 1930s. The most prominent examples were Estado Novo in Portugal (1932–1968) and Brazil (1937–1945), the Austrian Standestaat (1933–1938), and authoritarian experiments in Estonia, Romania, and some other countries of East and East-Central Europe,
- ^
- ^ "Un estado totalitario armonizará en España el…" [A totalitarian state will harmonize in Spain…] (dalam bahasa Spanyol).
- ^ Carlisle, Rodney P., ed. (2005). The Encyclopedia of Politics: The Left and the Right. 2: The Right. Thousand Oaks, California; London; New Delhi: SAGE Publications. hlm. 633.
- ^ Historians have discussed which of the Falange's qualities were most characteristic of the ideology. Stanley Payne maintains it's their vague and confusing ideas, (PAYNE, Stanley (1965) Sobre Falange Española. París: Ruedo Ibérico), while S. Ellwood believes Nationalism, Imperialism and Irrationalism to characterise their ideas, as stated in Prietas las filas. Historia de la Falange Española, 1933-1985. Grijalbo (found at "Periodista Digital ::". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 17 November 2007. Diakses tanggal 2 October 2019. )
- ^ Saz, Ismael (2004). Fascismo y franquismo [Fascism and Francoism] (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Valencia: Universitat de València. hlm. 69–70. ISBN 84-370-5910-0.
- ^ "THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR - Episode 4: Franco And The Nationalists (HISTORY DOCUMENTARY) (Timestamp 18:34)". youtube.com. July 23, 2014. Diakses tanggal 7 July 2024.
Quoting Spanish Falangist Narciso Perales from an interview in 1983; "The Falange was a revolutionary movement which wanted to carry out profound changes in the Spanish society of those times. Changes which are still necessary today. José Antonio proclaimed a doctrine which resolved opposing doctrines in society. It upheld spiritual values and the belief in the fatherland as our common and universal destiny, and at the same time, it aimed for a social revolution. The agrarian reform would turn the land over to the peasants so that the vision of giving the ownership of the land to those who work it would come true. Banks would be nationalized because it was considered unjust that the savings of all the Spanish people should be controlled by a few who dominated the economy of the country. [...]
- ^
- ^ Diffie, Bailey W. (1943). "The Ideology of Hispanidad". The Hispanic American Historical Review. 23 (3): 457–482. doi:10.2307/2508538. ISSN 0018-2168. JSTOR 2508538.
- ^ Perucho, Joan (2002-12-29). ""La literatura hoy ha desaparecido por la política"" ["Literature has disappeared today because of politics"] (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-11-17. Diakses tanggal 2020-01-14.
- ^
- ^ Albanese, Matteo Antonio; Hierro, Pablo del (2013). "Una red transnacional. La "network" de la extrema derecha entre España e Italia después de la II Guerra Mundial, 1945-1968" [A transnational network. The far-right network between Spain and Italy after World War II, 1945-1968] (PDF). Falange, las culturas políticas del fascismo en la España de Franco (1936-1975), Vol. 2, 2013, ISBN 978-84-9911-216-9, págs. 6-24 (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Instituto "Fernando El Católico": 6–24. Diakses tanggal 2022-06-13.
- ^ Grecco, Gabriela de Lima (2016). "Falange Española: de la corte literaria de José Antonio al protagonismo del nacionalcatolicismo" [Spanish Falange: from the literary court of José Antonio to the prominence of national Catholicism] (PDF). História e Cultura (dalam bahasa Spanyol). 5 (Extra 3): 98–118. doi:10.18223/hiscult.v5i3.1999. ISSN 2238-6270. Diakses tanggal 2022-06-13.
- ^ a b Tauber, Kurt P. (1959). "German Nationalists and European Union". Political Science Quarterly. 74 (4): 564–589. doi:10.2307/2146424. ISSN 0032-3195. JSTOR 2146424.
- ^ Naranjo Orovio 1988, p. 9.
- ^ Templat:Cite hellback
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