Afrikaans language

Afrikaans (UK: /ˌæfrɪˈkɑːns/, US: /ˌɑːf-/, nke pụtara 'African') bụ asụsụ West German nke malitere na Dutch Cape Colony site na asụsụ Dutch nke Holland n'onwe ya (ya bụ, olumba Hollandic) nke ndị Dutch, French, na ndị German bi na ndị ohu ha ji.^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]} Afrikaans ji nwayọọ nwayọọ malite ịzụlite njirimara dị iche iche n'oge narị afọ nke iri na asatọ.^[7] A na-asụ ya ugbu a na South Africa, Namibia na (ruo n'ókè dị ala) Botswana, Zambia, na Zimbabwe, na-eme atụmatụ n'ihe dị ka afọ 2010 nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-asụrụ Afrikaans dị n'agbata nde 15 na 23. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na-ewere Afrikaans dị ka asụsụ creole naanị n'ụzọ ụfọdụ, kama n'ụzọ zuru ezu.^[8] Ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ Afrikaans na-ele ya anya dị ka akụkụ Creole.^[9]

A na-eme atụmatụ na 90 ruo 95% nke okwu sitere na Dutch, ọ bụ ezie na Afrikaans anabatala okwu sitere na asụsụ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere German na asụsụ Khoisan nke Southern Africa. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, enwere ọdịiche dị iche iche na Dutch, gụnyere ụdị ọdịdị na ụtọ asụsụ, na mkpụrụ okwu nke na-egosipụta ịkpọpụta Afrikaans karịa ọkọlọtọ Dutch. [1] N'agbanyeghị, enwere nnukwu nghọta n'etiti asụsụ abụọ ahụ, ọkachasị n'ụdị ederede. [2]

N'ihe dị ka 13.5% nke ndị bi na South Africa (7 nde mmadụ) bụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ ala, ọ bụ asụsụ nke atọ a na-asụrụkarị na mba ahụ, na-esote Zulu na Xhosa.^[10] Ọ nwere nkesa kachasị n'ebe obibi na agbụrụ n'ime asụsụ 11 gọọmentị ma na-asụ ma ghọta ya n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka asụsụ nke abụọ ma ọ bụ nke atọ, ọ bụ ezie na a na-eme atụmatụ na a ga-aghọta Zulu na Bekee dị ka asụsụ abụọ site na ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke ndị bi na ya. Ọ bụ asụsụ ka ọtụtụ n'ime ọkara <i id="mwfg">ọdịda</i> anyanwụ nke South Africa na mpaghara Northern Cape na Western Cape na asụsụ mbụ nke 75.8% nke ndị South Africa nwere agba (4.8 nde mmadụ), 60.8% nke ndị White South Africa (2.7 nde mmadụ), 1.5% nke ndị Black South Africa na 4.00,000 ndị India (66% nke ndị South African).^[11]

1. ↑ Wells (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary, 3rd, Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0. 
2. ↑ Roach (2011). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary, 18th, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-15253-2. 
3. ↑ Pithouse. Making Connections: Self-Study & Social Action. 
4. ↑ Heese (1971). Die herkoms van die Afrikaner, 1657–1867 (in af). Cape Town: A. A. Balkema. OCLC 1821706. 
5. ↑ Kloeke (1950). Herkomst en groei van het Afrikaans (in nl). Leiden: Universitaire Pers Leiden. 
6. ↑ Heeringa (2015). "The origin of Afrikaans pronunciation: a comparison to west Germanic languages and Dutch dialects". Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus 47. DOI:10.5842/47-0-649. ISSN 2224-3380. 
7. ↑ Coetzee (1948). Standaard-Afrikaans. Johannesburg: Pers van die Universiteit van die Witwatersrand. Retrieved on 2014-09-17. 
8. ↑ Deumert (2017-07-12). "Creole as necessity? Creole as choice?". Language Contact in Africa and the African Diaspora in the Americas 53: 101–122. DOI:10.1075/cll.53.05due. Retrieved on 2021-08-03. 
9. ↑ Smith (1952). "THEORIES ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF AFRIKAANS". Hofmeyer Foundation Lectures, University of the Witwatersrand. 
10. ↑ (2012) Census 2011: Census in brief. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. ISBN 9780621413885. 
11. ↑ Community profiles > Census 2011. Statistics South Africa Superweb. Archived from the original on 30 September 2013. Retrieved on 21 August 2013.