East Chadic languages

A maara ndị na-asụ asụsụ dị iche iche nke East Chadic dị ka ndị Hadjarai.^[1][2] Asụsụ kachasị ukwuu n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Chadic bụ Nancere.^[3]

Alaka nke East Chadic na-aga ma ọ bụ site na aha ma ọ bụ mkpụrụedemede na nọmba n'usoro nhazi.^[4]

Nchịkọta East Chadic B na-agbaso nke Lovestrand (2012).

• Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Chadic A
  • Sibine (A.1.1): Mire, Ndam, Somrai, Tumak, Motun, Mawer
  • Miltu (A.1.2): Boor, Gadang, Miltu, Sarua
  • Nancere (A.2.1): Nancere, Kimré, Lele^[5]
  • Gabri (A.2.2): Gabri, Kabalai, Tobanga^[5]
  • Kwang (A.3): Kwang, Kera
• Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Chadic B^[6]
  • B.1
    • Dangla (B.1.1): Bidiyo (Bidiya), Dangaléat (Dangla), Birgit, Jonkor Bourmataguil, Mabire, Migaama, Mogum (Jegu), Toram
    • Mubi (B.1.2): Mubi, Kajakse, Masmaje, Zirenkel (Zerenkel)
    • ? Kujarge (B.1.3)^[7]
  • Mokilko (Mukulu, Gergiko) (B.2)
  • Sokoro (B.3): Saba, Sokoro, Tamki, Mawa, Ubi^[8]
  • Barein (Baraïn) (B.4, gụnyere Jalking ma ọ bụ Jelkung dialect)

Otú ọ dị, Peust (2018), nwere nhazi phylogenetic dịtụ iche maka East Chadic.^[9] Mgbanwe kachasị dị ịrịba ama bụ mgbanwe nke Mokilko (B.2) site na East Chadic B gaa na East Chadian A, ebe ọ bụzi alaka mbụ ga-ekewa, Lele-Nancere (A.2.1) sochiri. N'ime East Chadic B, ọ na-emeso otu Mubi (B.1.2) dị ka alaka mbụ, ebe ndị ọzọ niile kewara n'etiti Dangla (B.1.1) n'ebe ugwu na Barain tinyere Sokoro (B.3 na B.4) n'ebe ndịda.

A na-ekesa East Chadic A karịsịa na Tandjilé na mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu. A na-ekesa East Chadic B karịsịa na Guéra na mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu.^[10]

1. ↑ Olson, James Stuart (1996). The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-27918-7. 
2. ↑ Chapelle, Jean (1981). Le Peuple Tchadien: ses racines et sa vie quotidienne (in French). L'Harmattan, 178–179. ISBN 2-85802-169-4. 
3. ↑ Peust (2018). "The subgrouping of East Chadic". Folia Orientalia (55). DOI:10.24425/for.2018.124686. 
4. ↑ Blench, 2006. The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List (ms); Buso deleted as a separate branch per Hammarström (2015)
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1} Languages in both the Nancere and Gabri branches go by the names of Kimre and Gabri. The two branches together are sometimes also called Gabri.
6. ↑ Lovestrand (2012). Classification and description of the Chadic languages of the Guéra (East Chadic B). SIL International.
7. ↑ Kujargé appears to have ties with the Mubi languages, but perhaps not genetic ones. Its classification is uncertain.
8. ↑ Previously classified as Dangla
9. ↑ Peust (2018). "The subgrouping of East Chadic". Folia Orientalia (55). DOI:10.24425/for.2018.124686. 
10. ↑ Oxfam and Office National de Développement Rural (ONDR). 2016. Atlas de la vulnérabilité dans le Guera. Première partie: synthèse regional. 2nd edition (updated from 2013 edition). PASISAT (Projet d'Appui à l'Amélioration du Système d'Information sur la Sécurité Alimentaire au Tchad).