Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia, [lower-alpha 4] na-achị obodo Saudi Arabia ( KSA ), [lower-alpha 5] bụ obodo dị na West Asia .  Ọ na-ekpuchi ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke Arab Peninsula, ma nwee mpaghara ala nke ihe dịka 2150 000 km2 , na-eme ka ọ bụrụ obodo nke ise na-ekwu n'Eshia, nke abụọ kasị ukwuu na mba Arab, na nke ikwu na West  Asia na Middle East.  Ókè ya n’ịkpakpa ahụ Uhie n’ebe ahụ ike;  Jordan, Iraq, na Kuwait n'ebe ugwu;  Ọwara Persian, Qatar na United Arab Emirates n'ebe ụmụaka ihe;  Oman dị na ndị na-ede egwuregwu azụ;  na Yemen n'ebe ndida.  Bahrain bụ obodo dị n'oge oké osimiri ngosi ya.  Ọwara nke Aqaba dị n'ebe ugwu igwu egwuregwu na-ekewa Saudi Arabia na Egypt na Israel .  Saudi Arabia bụ naanị obodo nwere oke osimiri n'ịkpakpakpa Uhie na Ọwara Peshia, ọtụtụ n'ime ala ya nwere ikike kpara nkụ, ala dị njikere, steepụ na ugwu.  Isi obodo Saudi Arabia na obodo kacha ukwuu bụ Riyadh;  Ala-eze ahụ bụkwa ebe obodo ikwu nsso nke Islam dị na Mak na Medina .

Arebia tupu Islam, egwuri nke mebere Saudi Arabia nke oge a, bụ saịtị nke ọtụtụ omenala na maliteanya oge ochie;  past ihe mere eme nke Saudi Arabia na-egosi ụfọdụ n'ime ihe mbụ nke mmadụ n'ụwa.  [1] Okpukpe nke abụọ kasị ukwuu n'ụwa, [2] Islam, ihe na nke bụ Saudi Arabia ogbugbu a.  Na-papa afụ nke asaa, onye aghọ Muhammad mere ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na Arab Peninsula dị n'otu wee ngwá agha ndị agha .  [3] Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na 632, ndị na-eso ụzọ ya n'ụzọ ngwa n'okpuru ọchịchị ndị mbụ n'ofe Arabia, na-emeri nnukwu ala na-enwe ụdị ya (site na Iberian Peninsula dị n'ebe-ego)  ruo ụzọ Central na South Asia n'ebe ihe ngosi) n'ime ihe dị ka iri afọ.  Ndị eze Arab sitere na Saudi Arabia nke oge a ntọala Rashidun (632-661), Umayyad (661-750), Abbasid (750-1517), na Fatimid (909-1171) caliphates, yana ọtụtụ usoro ndị ọzọ na Asia.  Africa, na Europe.

ami Saudi Arabia nke oge a nwere mpaghara ihe mere eme anọ dị iche iche: Hejaz, Najd, na nke Eastern Arabia (Al-Ahsa) na South Arabia ( 'Asir ).  [1] Eze Abdulaziz (nke a maara dị ka Ibn Saud na West) hiwere ala eze Saudi Arabia na 1932. O wee anọ mpaghara ahụ n'otu obodo site na mmeri usoro na 1902 na njide Riyadh, ụlọ nna nke ebe ya.  Ndị nke Saud .  Saudi Arabia bụ eze zuru oke, ebe a na-eme ike ike ndị na- ndabere na ịde n'etiti Eze, Council of Ministers, na mba omenala elites na- onyeisi a ukwuu authoritarian.  [2] [3] [4] A ndị òtù ndị Wahhabi ultraconservative n'ime Sunni Islam dị ka "aṅa nke omenala Saudi " ruo n'afọ 2000. [3] [5] Na 2016, ndị nsụgharị Saudi Arabia mere  nke na-Beta Beta nke mgbanaka mgba Wahabi ma ndị ọrụ nke ndị na-ahụ na-ahụ maka omume, na-abụ mmemme akụ na-ahụ nke Saudi Vision 2030 na ezoro iji kwalite na ihe onyonyo onyonyo mmadụ na ibe ya ma wuo ihe siri ike na ọha mmadụ.  dị irẹ.  [6] [7] [8] Na ya Basic Iwu, Saudi Arabia na-aga n'ihu na-ahụ onwe ya dị ka a eze Arab Islam obodo na Islam dị ka ndị mmadụ ya, Arabic dị ka ya ukara ọrụ, na  Riyadh dị ka isi obodo ya.

. ^[1]Achọpụtara mpaghara ala na 1938 wee soro ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-eso ụzọ na mpaghara ọmụmụ.  [1] [2] Saudi Arabia abụrụla mba nke abụọ na-ahụ pụtara n'ụwa (n'azụ US) na ndị na-ebupụ ego kacha ukwuu n'ụwa, na-achịkwa nchekwa nke abụọ nchoputa n'ụwa yana nchekwa.  gas nke anọ .  [3] Edebere ahụ dị ka akụ na nọrọ mba ụwa na-akpata nnukwu ego yana ọ bụ naanị mba Arab bụ nke nnukwu akụ na nyere G20 .  [4] [5] Steeti ahụ kụla nka n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe na-achagharị ya, ndị ọrụ ya na obodo Yemen, ebubo nkwado iyi ọha egwu Islam na-eme oke ikike mmadụ ya na-enweghị mma, ọke na-agha igbu igbu ya.  mmadụ eme ihe .  [6] [2

A na-ahụta Saudi Arabia ma ikike mpaghara na nke etiti .  [1] [2] Akụ na nna Saudi bụ nke ukwuu na Middle East;  Akụ na aka nke iri na ndị kasị ukwuu n'ụwa site n'ọnụ GDP na nke iri na asaa kasị ukwuu site na PPP .  Dị ka obodo nwere nnukwu mmadụ Development Index, [3] ọ na-enye mahadum n'efu, akara ụtụ isi ego onwe onye, ​​[4] na usoro vidiyo zuru ụwa ọnụ n'efu .  Saudi Arabia bụ ebe obibi nke atọ kacha kwabatara n'ụwa .  Ota otu n'ime ndị kasị nta n'ụwa, yana ihe dị ka ọkụ 50 nke ndị bi na ya dị nde 32.2 [5] n'okpuru afọ 25. [6] Na mgbakwunye na ịbụ onye so na Gulf Cooperation Council  , Saudi Arabia bụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na onye ntọala nke United Nations, Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Arab League, Arab Air Carriers Organisation na OPEC .  Saudi Arabia bụ onye mmekọ ụka nke Shanghai Cooperation Organisation .

. ^[2]N'ịgbaso nchikota nke ala eze Hejaz na Nejd, a set steeti ọhụrụ ahụ al-Mamlakah al-ʿArabīyah as-Saʿūdīyah ( ntụgharị nke المملكة العربية السعودية</link> na Arabic ) site n'iwu eze na 23 September 1932 site n  'aka onye nchoputa ya, Abdulaziz bin Saud .  Ọ bụ ebe na a na-akarị nke a dị ka "Alaeze Saudi Arabia" na Bekee, [1] ọ nọmba n'ụzọ "alaeze Saudi Arab", [2] ma ọ bụ "Alaeze Arab Saudi"

. ^[3]Okwu ahụ bụ "Saudi" sitere na mmewere as-Sa'ūdīyah n'aha Arabic nke mba ahụ, nke ụdị nke a maara dị ka nisba, nke sitere na aha dynastic nke ndị eze Saudi, Al Saud ( Arabic </link).  >).  egwuregwu ya na- echiche na obodo bụ ihe mmetụta nke eze.  [1] [2] Al Saud bụ aha Arabik hiwere site n'ịgbakwunye okwu Al, nke ere "nke" ma ọ bụ "nke anụ", [3] n'aha nke nna ochie.  N'ihe egwu Al Saud, nke a bụ Saud ibn Muhammad ibn Muqrin, nna nke onye nchoputa nke ike afã nke 18, Muhammad bin Saud.

1. ↑ Saudi Arabia has carried out 800 executions since 2015, says rights group. Independent.co.uk (15 April 2020).
2. ↑ Safran (1988). Saudi Arabia: The Ceaseless Quest for Security. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-9484-0. 
3. ↑ Hariri-Rifai (1990). The heritage of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. GDG Exhibits Trust. ISBN 978-0-9624483-0-0.