Battaglioni di lavoro (Impero ottomano)

I Battaglioni di lavoro ottomani (in turco Amele Taburları, in armeno Աշխատանքային բատալիոն^?, in greco: Τάγματα Εργασίας, Tagmata Ergasias, ma più spesso si usa il nome turco traslitterato αμελέ ταμπουρού) era una forma di lavoro non libero nel tardo Impero ottomano. Il termine è associato al disarmo e all'assassinio dei soldati armeni ottomani durante la prima guerra mondiale,^[1]^[2] dei greci ottomani durante il genocidio greco nell'impero ottomano^[3] e anche durante la guerra d'indipendenza turca.^[4]^[5]^[6]

^ Foreign Office Memorandum by Mr. G.W. Rendel on Turkish Massacres and Persecutions of Minorities since the Armistice, March 20, 1922, Paragraph 35
^ USA Congress, Concurrent Resolution, September 9, 1997, su rs9.loc.gov. URL consultato il maggio 21, 2021 (archiviato dall'url originale il 23 giugno 2014).
^ Benny Morris e Dror Ze'evi, The Thirty-Year Genocide, Harvard University Press, 2019, p. 387, ISBN 9780674240087.
«Many of the Greek deportations involved chiefly women and children as, by early 1915, most army-age Greek men had been mobilized in Ottoman labor battalions or had fled their homes to avoid conscription.»
^ genocidetext.net, http://www.genocidetext.net/iags_resolution_supporting_documentation.htm Titolo mancante per url url (aiuto). URL consultato il 13 aprile 2020.
^ Benny Morris e Dror Ze'evi, The Thirty-Year Genocide, Harvard University Press, 2019, p. 404, ISBN 9780674240087.
«Early 1921 saw continued pressure for mass conscription of able-bodied Greeks. They were destined for labor battalions, which, 'in reality,' a missionary wrote, meant they would 'starve or freeze to death.'»
^ Andrew R. Basso, Towards a Theor ds a Theory of Displacement A y of Displacement Atrocities: The Cher ocities: The Cherokee Trail of Tears, The Her ears, The Herero Genocide, and The P o Genocide, and The Pontic Gr ontic Greek Genocide eek Genocide, in Genocide Studies and Prevention, vol. 10, n. 1, 2016, DOI:10.5038/1911-9933.10.1.1297.
«The Pontic Greeks suffered similar gendered genocide (gendercidal) policy outcomes. The brutal amele taburları were organized and Pontian men were sent there to be slave labourers for the Ottoman Army. In this sense, the YT (Young Turks) and later Kemalist regimes solved two problems at once: they were able to move military materiel and were able to do so by killing Pontian men by indirect means (working them to death) which eliminated a significant portion of the population able to resist genocide.»

[1] Foreign Office Memorandum by Mr. G.W. Rendel on Turkish Massacres and Persecutions of Minorities since the Armistice, March 20, 1922, Paragraph 35

[2] USA Congress, Concurrent Resolution, September 9, 1997, su rs9.loc.gov. URL consultato il maggio 21, 2021 (archiviato dall'url originale il 23 giugno 2014).

[3] Benny Morris e Dror Ze'evi, The Thirty-Year Genocide, Harvard University Press, 2019, p. 387, ISBN 9780674240087.
«Many of the Greek deportations involved chiefly women and children as, by early 1915, most army-age Greek men had been mobilized in Ottoman labor battalions or had fled their homes to avoid conscription.»

[4] text.net, http://www.genocidetext.net/iags_resolution_supporting_documentation.htm Titolo mancante per url url (aiuto). URL consultato il 13 aprile 2020.

[5] Benny Morris e Dror Ze'evi, The Thirty-Year Genocide, Harvard University Press, 2019, p. 404, ISBN 9780674240087.
«Early 1921 saw continued pressure for mass conscription of able-bodied Greeks. They were destined for labor battalions, which, 'in reality,' a missionary wrote, meant they would 'starve or freeze to death.'»

[6] Andrew R. Basso, Towards a Theor ds a Theory of Displacement A y of Displacement Atrocities: The Cher ocities: The Cherokee Trail of Tears, The Her ears, The Herero Genocide, and The P o Genocide, and The Pontic Gr ontic Greek Genocide eek Genocide, in Genocide Studies and Prevention, vol. 10, n. 1, 2016, DOI:10.5038/1911-9933.10.1.1297.
«The Pontic Greeks suffered similar gendered genocide (gendercidal) policy outcomes. The brutal amele taburları were organized and Pontian men were sent there to be slave labourers for the Ottoman Army. In this sense, the YT (Young Turks) and later Kemalist regimes solved two problems at once: they were able to move military materiel and were able to do so by killing Pontian men by indirect means (working them to death) which eliminated a significant portion of the population able to resist genocide.»

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Battaglioni di lavoro (Impero ottomano)

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