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Bison bison

Bison bison bison
Classis : Mammalia 
Ordo : Artiodactyla 
Familia : Bovidae 
Subfamilia : Bovinae 
Tribus : Bovini 
Subtribus : Bovina 
Genus : Bison 
Species : Bison bison 
(Linnaeus, 1758)
   
Palaeontologia
0.01–0 m.a.: 
↓
Holocaeno ineunte – praesens
Conservationis status
NT

Subdivisiones: Subspecies
Synonyma
  • Bos americanus Gmelin, 1788
  • Bos bison Linnaeus, 1758
  • Bison americanus (Gmelin, 1788
  • Bison bison montanae Krumbiegel, 1980
Territorium
Bison bison athabascae.
Vocatio bisonis.
Mas adultus (ultra) et femina adulta (citra), in Yellowstone National Park.
Bison mas in Montibus Wichita Oclahomae.
Sceletus bisonis.
Bison currere videtur. Series photographematum ab Eduardo Muybridge factorum, primum anno 1887 in Animal Locomotion edita.

Bison bison est species bisonis cuius vasti greges in America Septentrionali olim vagabantur. Eius spatium historicum ante annum 9000 a.C.n., magna bisonum zona appellatur, tractus vigentium terrarum graminearum qui ab Alasca ad Sinum Mexici, ad orientem usque ad litus Atlanticum (in nonnullis regionibus paene ad tidewater Atlanticum) ad Novum Eboracum, et ad meridiem usque ad Georgiam, et, secundum nonnullos fontes, usque ad Floridam extendebatur, atque in Carolina Septentrionali prope Buffalo Ford in Catawba Flumine anno 1750 videbatur.[2][3][4] Paene exstinctus factus est propter venationem mercatoriam saeculo undevicensimo effectam morbosque bovinos ex bobus domesticis introductis. Species saeculo duodevicensimo exeunte plus quam 60 milliones animalium numerari putatur, sed ante annum 1889 solum 541 animalia enumerabantur. Medio saeculo vicensimo, rationes gregum augendorum prospere eveniebant, et 31 000 animalium ferorum hodie in vita sunt,[5] plerumque in aliquot saeptis nationalibus aliisque saeptis hodie inclusi. Animalia huius species praeterea post nonnullas reintroductiones etiam in variis Iacutiae et Mexici regionibus libere vagantur.

Describuntur duae subspecies vel oecotypi: Bison bison bison ("bison planitiei"), magnitudine minor, gibbere rotundiori, et Bison bison athabascae ("bison silvestris"), maior, gibbere quadrato.[6][7][8][9][10][11] Praeterea, Bison bison bison in B. b. montanae planitiei septentrionalis et B. b. bison planitiei meridianae fortasse consistit, ut summa sit tres.[9] Quae autem distinctio late non approbatur. Bison silvestris est una ex maximis bovidarum exstantium speciebus feris in mundo, solum a Bove gauro Asiae superata.[12] Inter animalia terrestria in America Septentrionali exstantia, bison est gravissimum et longissimum, secundumque ab altissimo, post Alcem alcem.

Indi Americani qui in Magnis Planitiebus nonnulla millennia habitabant religione aliisque culturae proprietatibus cum bisonte Americano artissime coniungebantur. Quod animal est mammal nationale Civitatum Foederatarum Americae.

  1. ↑ IUCN (vide situs scientificos).
  2. ↑ Project Gutenburg E Book – The Extermination of the American Bison.
  3. ↑ "American Buffalo (Bison bison) species page". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service .
  4. ↑ William T. Hornaday, Superintendent of the National Zoological Park (10 Februarii 2006) [1889]. The Extermination of the American Bison. Smithsonian Institution .
  5. ↑ Aune, K., Jørgensen, D. & Gates, C. 2017. Bison bison (errata version published in 2018). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T2815A123789863. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T2815A45156541.en.
  6. ↑ Geist V. (1991). "Phantom subspecies: the wood bison, Bison bison "athabascae" Rhoads 1897, is not a valid taxon, but an ecotype". Arctic 44 (4): 283–300 
  7. ↑ Formula:Cite conference.
  8. ↑ Bork, A. M.; C. M. Strobeck; F. C. Yeh; R. J. Hudson; R. K. Salmon (1991). "Genetic relationship of wood and plains bison based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms". Can J Zool 69 (1): 43–48 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Halbert, Natalie D.; Terje Raudsepp; Bhanu P. Chowdhary; James N. Derr (2004). "Conservation Genetic Analysis of the Texas State Bison Herd". Journal of Mammalogy 85 (5): 924–931 
  10. ↑ Wilson, G. A.; C. Strobeck (1999). "Genetic variation within and relatedness among wood and plains bison populations". Genome 42 (3): 483–96 
  11. ↑ Boyd, Delaney P. (April 2003) (MS thesis). Conservation of North American Bison: Status and Recommendations. University of Calgary .
  12. ↑ The Genetics of Cattle, 2nd Edition 
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