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Ioga

Statua Shivae meditationem iogicam in gestu padmasana (Anglice: lotus position) exercitantis.

Ioga,[1][2] vel yoga[3] (verbum Sanscriticum et Pali; scriptura Devanāgarī योग) est quaelibet multarum corporis mentisque disciplinarum in subcontinente Indico ortarum.[4] Verbum cum meditativis in Buddhismo, Hinduismo, Iainismoque exercitationibus consociatur (Carmody & Carmody 1996:68; Sarbacker 2005:1–2). [5] Intra Hinduismum, vox yogae ad unam ex sex orthodoxis (āstika) philosophiae Hinduisticae scholis spectat, et mentem ad quem illa schola suas exercitationes intendit.[6] In Jainismo, yoga est summa omnium actionum: mentis, verborum, corporum.

Homines yogam faciunt.

Maiores partes iogae sunt in philosophia Hinduica Raja Yoga, Karma Yoga, Jnana Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, et Hatha Yoga.[7] Raja Yoga, in Yoganis Patanjali Orsis composita, et simpliciter appellata yoga in philosophia Hinduica, est pars memoriae Samkhyae (Jacobsen 2005:4). Multi alii libri Hinduistici de Upanishad, Bhagavad Gita, Hatha Yoga Pradipika, Shiva Samhita, variis tantris, et aliis yogae rebus dissererunt.

Verbum Sanscriticum yoga multas significationes habet,[8] et de radice Sanscritica yuj 'moderari, coniungere, copulare' deducitur.[9] Communia verba conversa sunt 'iungere, copulare, unio, coniunctio', et 'via'.[10][11] Fortasse etiam, verbum yoga de yujir samadhau 'contemplatio, absorptio' deducitur.[12]

Extra Indiam, vocabulum yoga usitate cum Hatha Yoga et eius asanis (statibus) consociatur, vel speciem exercitationis significat. Qui yogam faciat vel philosophiam yogae ad altum artis gradum sequatur yogi aut yogini appellatur.[13]

  1. ↑ Ebbe Vilborg, Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok, andra upplagan (Holmiae: Norstedts akademiska förlag, 2009).
  2. ↑ Davidis Morgan et Patricii Oeni Neo-Latin Lexicon (2018).
  3. ↑ "ars Indica quae yoga appellatur" (Helfer, in Morgan).
  4. ↑ De usibus verbi litteris Pāli, vide Thomas William, Rhys Davids, et William Stede, Pali-English dictionary (editio retractata a Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1993, p. 558), liber apud books.google.com.
  5. ↑ Tattvarthasutra [6.1]; vide librum conversum a Manu Doshi (Ahmedabad: Shrut Ratnakar, 2007), p. 102.
  6. ↑ "[Verbo] iogae sunt quinque significationes principales: 1) yoga as a disciplined method for attaining a goal; 2) yoga as techniques of controlling the body and the mind; 3) yoga as a name of one of the schools or systems of philosophy (darśana); 4) yoga in connection with other words, such as hatha-, mantra-, and laya-, referring to traditions specialising in particular techniques of yoga; 5) yoga as the goal of yoga practice" (Jacobsen 2005:4). Monier-Williams iogam comprehendit in "the second of the two Sāṃkhya systems," et "mental abstraction practised as a system (as taught by Patañjali and called the Yoga philosophy)" in suis yogae definitionibus.
  7. ↑ Pandit Usharbudh Arya, The Philosophy of Hatha Yoga (Himalayan Institute Press, 1985, 2nd ed.; Sri Swami Rama, The Royal Path: Practical Lessons on Yoga (Himalayan Institute Press, 2008, nova editio; Patanjali, How to know god: The yoga aphorisms of Patanjali, conversus a Swami Prabhavananda et Christopher Isherwood (Vedanta Press, 1996, nova editio.
  8. ↑ Pro indice 38 verbi significationum, vide Apte, p. 788.
  9. ↑ Hac pro deductione, vide Flood (1996), p. 94.
  10. ↑ Pro 'coniungere, copulare, unio, iunctio', vide Apte, p. 788.
  11. ↑ Pro 'modus, "modus, ratio, via', vide Apte, p. 788, definitionem 5.
  12. ↑ Pro yoga deductum ex radice yujir samadhau contra yujir yoge, vide Maehle, p. 141.
  13. ↑ "Yogi, One who practices yoga" (American Heritage Dictionary). "Yogi, A follower of the yoga philosophy; an ascetic" (Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary).
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