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 | This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Arab on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Arab in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. Per na ntroduzion sun co liejer i simboi AFI, cëla Help:IPA. Per la desfrënzia danter [ ], / / y ⟨ ⟩, cëla IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
The chart below explains how Wikipedia represents Modern Standard Arabic pronunciations with the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Wikipedia also has specific charts for Egyptian Arabic, Hejazi Arabic, Lebanese Arabic, and Tunisian Arabic. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-ar}}, {{IPAc-ar}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
Wikipedia transcriptions for Arabic may be either more general and abstract (phonemic), using only the symbols in the IPA column, or more detailed and precise (phonetic), using the symbols explained in the notes.
See Arabic phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Modern Standard Arabic, and varieties of Arabic for regional variation.
| IPA | English approximation |
Arabic letter/symbol |
Usual romanization |
Letter
name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A–B | ||||
| a[lower-alpha 1] | cat in British English, only approx. in American English | َ | a, á, e | فَتْحَة (fatḥah) |
| aː[lower-alpha 2] | No exact, longer far | ـَا(ى at word end) | ā, â, aa, a | أَلِف (ʾalif)
الف مقصورة (ʾalif maqṣūrah) |
| aj[lower-alpha 3] | /a/+/j/, my | ْـَي | ay, ai, ey, ei | يَاء (yāʾ) |
| aw[lower-alpha 4] | /a/+/w/, noun | ْـَو | aw, au | وَاو (wāw) |
| b | bee | ب | b | بَاء (bāʾ) |
| D | ||||
| d | dash | د | d | دَال (dāl) |
| dˤ[lower-alpha 5] | emphatic and pharyngealized /d/, no equivalent | ض | ḍ, dh | ضَاد (ḍād) |
| dʒ | jam | ج[lower-alpha 6] | j, ǧ, dj, g | جِيم (jīm) |
| ð | these | ذ | dh, ḏ | ذَال (dhāl) |
| ðˤ[lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 7] | emphatic and pharyngealized Template:IPAblink | ظ | ẓ | ظَاء (ẓāʾ) |
| F–H | ||||
| f | father | ف | f | فَاء (fāʾ) |
| h | hi | ه | h | هَاء (hāʾ) |
| ħ | hello, but pharyngeal | ح | ḥ | حَاء (ḥāʾ) |
| I–K | ||||
| i[lower-alpha 8] | miss | ِ | i, e | كَسْرَة (kasrah) |
| iː[lower-alpha 9] | machine | ـِي | ī, ee, i | يَاء (yāʾ) |
| j | yes | ي | y | يَاء (yāʾ) |
| k | skin | ك | k | كَاف (kāf) |
| L–N | ||||
| l | lease (Received Pronunciation) | ل | l | لَام (lām) |
| ɫ[lower-alpha 10] | tool | |||
| m | me | م | m | مِيم (mīm) |
| n | no | ن | n | نُون (nūn) |
| q | like cat, but further down to the uvula (uvular). | ق | q, g, ' | قَاف (qāf) |
| r | "tapped" or "trilled" r; Spanish perro |
ر | r | رَاء (rāʾ) |
| s | see | س | s | سِين (sīn) |
| sˤ[lower-alpha 5] | emphatic and pharyngealized /s/, no equivalent | ص | ṣ | صَاد (ṣād) |
| ʃ | she | ش | sh, š, ch | شِين (shīn) |
| T–W | ||||
| t | stick | ت (sometimes ة) |
t | تَاء (tāʾ)
تاء مربوطة (tāʾ marbūṭah) |
| tˤ[lower-alpha 5] | emphatic and pharyngealized /t/, no equivalent | ط | ṭ | طَاء (ṭāʾ) |
| θ | think | ث | th, ṯ | ثَاء (thāʾ) |
| u[lower-alpha 11] | cook | ُ | u, o, ou | ضَمَّة (ḍammah) |
| uː[lower-alpha 12] | boot | ـُو | ū, oo, ou, u | وَاو (wāw) |
| w | we | و | w | وَاو (wāw) |
| X–Z | ||||
| x | Scots loch, Spanish jota, German Bach |
خ | kh, ḫ, ḵ | خَاء (khāʾ) |
| ɣ | Spanish fuego | غ | gh, ġ, ḡ | غَيْن (ghayn) |
| z | zoo | ز | z | زَاي (zāy) |
| Other | ||||
| ʔ | The pause in uh-oh!; Cockney butter; glottal stop |
ء | ʾ ’ ' | هَمْزة (hamzah) |
| ʕ | no equivalent (voiced pharyngeal fricative or voiced creaky-voiced pharyngeal approximant) |
ع | ʿ ‘ ' ` | عَيْن (ʿayn) |
| θ | see under T—W | |||
| ˈ | [ˈkiːwi] كِيوِي ('kiwi') | Means that the following syllable is stressed: /ˈʕarabiː/ عربي ('Arab'). | ||
| ː | [kiːs] كِيس ('sack') | Means that the preceding vowel is long | ||
| [ˈdˤɑħ.ħæ] ضَحّى ('[he] sacrificed'), [mʊˈdær.rɪsæ] مُدَرِّسَة ('teacher [f.]'), [ræs.ˈsæːmæ] رَسَّامَة ('paintress'), [kæð.ˈðæːb] كَذَّاب ('liar [m.]') |
A geminated consonant never belongs to one syllable and is often broken with a stress. | |||
Fal tles notes: Sono presenti dei marcatori <ref> per un gruppo chiamato "lower-alpha" ma non è stato trovato alcun marcatore <references group="lower-alpha"/> corrispondente