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Gerakan Houthi

Gerakan Huthi
ٱلْحُوثِيُّون‎
Ansar Allah
أَنْصَار ٱللَّٰه‎
Pihak bersengketa dalam konflik Arab–Israel

Logo khat Arab mewakili persatuan ini.[1] Diterjemahkan kepada "Allah Maha Besar, Matilah Amerika, Matilah Israel, Laknatlah Yahudi, Kemenangan untuk Islam."
Aktif 1994–kini
(bersenjata sejak 2004)
Ideologi
Pemimpin * Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi  †
Ibu pejabat Saadah dan Sanaa, Yaman
Kawasan of
operasi 		Yaman (termasuk sempadan Arab Saudi–Yaman)[24]
Sekutu Sekutu negara

Sekutu bukan negara

Opponents Lawan negara

Non-state opponents

Perang/pertempuran

Pertubuhan politik militia Ansar Allah (Arab: أَنْصَار ٱللَّٰه‎, rumi: ʾAnṣār Allāh, lit. 'Pembela Allah'[a]) muncul dari kegabenoran Saada bandar Huth utara Yaman pada 1990-an banyak dianggotai kabilah Huthi (yakni gerakan Huthi; Arab: أَٱلْحُوثِيُّون‎, rumi: al-Ḥūthīyūn, bahasa Inggeris: Houthi[b]) beraliran Syiah Zaidiyah[71] pimpinan Hussein Badreddin al-Huthi.[72] Mereka muncul sebagai pembangkang mencabar para penyokong bekas presiden Yaman, Ali Abdullah Saleh yang ddakwa berasuah mendapat sokongan Arab Saudi dan Amerika Syarikat[56] yang dianggap telah menggugat perbelanjaan rakyat[73] dan kedaulatan Yaman.[74] Gerakan ini melaungkan "Allah Maha Besar, Matilah Amerika, Matilah Israel, Laknat ke atas Yahudi, dan kemenangan untuk Islam" sejak 2006 .[75]

Hussein dengan seberapa pengawalnya dibunuh di Saada pada 2004 oleh tentera Yaman meskipun dilarang Ali yang hanya mahunya ditangkap hidup-hidup[76] - kejadian ini membawa kepada pemberontakan;[77] adiknya Abdul Malik mengambil alih kepimpinan pertubuhan ini sejak itu.[76]

Kawalan ketenteraan dan politik semasa (Oktober 2022) yang sedang berlangsung Perang Saudara Yaman (2014–kini).
  Dikawal oleh Pemerintahan Yaman (di bawah Majlis Kepimpinan Presiden sejak April 2022) dan sekutu
  Dikawal oleh Majlis Politik Tertinggi diketuai Houthi.
  Dikawal oleh Al-Qaeda (AQAP) dan Ansar al-Syariah sekutu Negara Islam Iraq dan Syam
  Dikawal oleh Majlis Peralihan Selatan disokong Emiriah Arab Bersatu (UAE)
  1. ^ "Harakat Ansar Allah (Yemen): Emblem". jihadintel.meforum.org. Middle East Forum. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 15 April 2021. Dicapai pada 15 February 2020.
  2. ^ "What is the Houthi Movement?". Tony Blair Faith Foundation. 25 September 2014. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 6 October 2014. Dicapai pada 2 October 2014.
  3. ^ a b c Mohammed Almahfali, James Root (2020-02-13). "How Iran's Islamic Revolution Does, and Does Not, Influence Houthi Rule in Northern Yemen". Sana'a Center For Strategic Studies (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2023-04-04.
  4. ^ a b The World Almanac of Islamism. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 27 October 2011. ISBN 9781442207158. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 17 January 2023. Dicapai pada 6 November 2021.
  5. ^ "The Islamist philosophy 'Qutbism' could be entering America's national security vernacular". The Hill. 19 December 2017. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 17 August 2021. Dicapai pada 19 December 2017. McMaster’s Qutbism comments are occurring simultaneously with U.S. ambassador to the United Nations Nikki Halley’s proof of Iranian support for Houthi missiles. The timing of the Trump administration’s push connects the dots between Iran, Houthis and Qutabists supported by Turkey and Qatar.
  6. ^ "Yemen: Civil War and Regional Intervention" (PDF). Congressional Research. 8 December 2020. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 7 August 2021. Dicapai pada 13 February 2021. The Houthi movement (formally known as Ansar Allahor Partisans of God) is a predominantly Zaydi Shia revivalist political and insurgent movement formed in the northern Yemeni governorate of Saada under the leadership of members of the Houthi family.
  7. ^ a b c Cameron Glenn (29 May 2018). "Who are Yemen's Houthis?". Wilson Center. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 20 April 2019. Dicapai pada 20 April 2019.
  8. ^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama nagi
  9. ^ Tucker, Spencer C. (8 October 2010). The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts [5 volumes]: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts. ABC-CLIO. m/s. 539. ISBN 9781851099481. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 17 January 2023. Dicapai pada 18 September 2019 – melalui Google Books.
  10. ^ American Foreign Policy Council (27 October 2011). The World Almanac of Islamism: 2011. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. m/s. 250. ISBN 9781442207158. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 17 January 2023. Dicapai pada 18 September 2019 – melalui Google Books.
  11. ^ Wells, Madeleine (27 February 2012). "Yemen's Houthi movement and the revolution". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 24 January 2015. Dicapai pada 18 September 2019.
  12. ^ Hill, Ginny (18 September 2017). Yemen Endures: Civil War, Saudi Adventurism and the Future of Arabia. Oxford University Press. m/s. 266. ISBN 9780190842369. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 17 January 2023. Dicapai pada 18 September 2019 – melalui Google Books.
  13. ^ Asher Orkaby (25 March 2015). "Houthi Who? A History of Unlikely Alliances in an Uncertain Yemen". Foreign Affairs. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 12 August 2019. Dicapai pada 20 April 2019.
  14. ^ a b "Houthis". Sabwa Center. 7 October 2022. Dicapai pada 18 September 2023.
  15. ^ "Yemen Issue and Solution Alternatives". ResearchGate. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2 March 2019. Dicapai pada 1 March 2019.
  16. ^ a b c Plotter, Alex (4 June 2015). "Yemen in crisis". Esquire. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 23 July 2018. Dicapai pada 5 September 2015.
  17. ^ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Yemen: Treatment of Sunni Muslims by Houthis in areas under Houthi control (2014 – September 2017)". Refworld. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 17 June 2019. Dicapai pada 7 July 2019. a Research Associate at the London Middle East Institute at the University of London [...] noted that most of the area controlled by the Houthis is inhabited by Zaydis. But they also have many Sunni supporters in the areas they control [...] Since the Houthis have effectively taken over the country, they have been suspicious of Sunnis. The group believes that those who do not swear allegiance to it are working with the Saudi-led coalition. As a result, Sunnis have been discriminated against... Sunnis face discrimination that those of the Zaydi persuasion to which the Huthis belong do not experience. This includes women... in issues such as education, the curriculum has been changed by the Houthis to be "more sectarian and [intolerant]"
  18. ^ "Houthis revive Shiite festivals to strengthen grip on north". Al-Monitor. 8 August 2021. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 15 August 2021. Since the Houthi seizure of Sanaa in 2014, the group has brought new sectarian pressure to Yemen's north, forcing both Shiites and Sunnis to observe Shiite customs
  19. ^ MAYSAA SHUJA AL-DEEN. "Yemen's War-torn Rivalries for Religious Education". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Dicapai pada 7 June 2021.
  20. ^ "Why Washington May Side With Yemen's New anti-American Rulers". Haaretz. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2 May 2022. Dicapai pada 13 March 2022.
  21. ^ "Yemeni embassy in DC condemns 'anti-American', 'anti-Semitic' Houthi ceremony". english.alarabiya.net. 7 November 2020. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2 May 2022. Dicapai pada 13 March 2022.
  22. ^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama nyt
  23. ^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama yementimes.com
  24. ^ "Infographic: Yemen's war explained in maps and charts". Al Jazeera. Dicapai pada 9 Feb 2022.
  25. ^ "الجيش اليمني مدعوماً بأنصار الله يهاجم تحالف العدوان ومرتزقته في معاقله بتعز" [The Yemeni army, backed by Ansar Allah, attacks the coalition of aggression and its mercenaries in its strongholds in Taiz]. عاجل Breaking News (dalam bahasa Arab). Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 4 July 2018. Dicapai pada 4 July 2018.
  26. ^ a b Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama Iran_support
  27. ^ "Yemen's Houthi-led govt appoints new envoy to Syria". Middle East Monitor. 12 November 2020. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 13 November 2020. Dicapai pada 30 March 2021. Yemen's Houthi-led National Salvation Government (NSG) has appointed a new ambassador to Syria, one of the countries alongside Iran which recognises the Sanaa-based government.
  28. ^ "Syria expels Houthi 'diplomatic mission' in Damascus". Arab News. 12 October 2023.
  29. ^ "North Korea's Balancing Act in the Persian Gulf". The Huffington Post. 17 August 2015. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 17 August 2015. Dicapai pada 17 August 2015. North Korea's military support for Houthi rebels in Yemen is the latest manifestation of its support for anti-American forces.
  30. ^ "The September 14 drone attack on Saudi oil fields: North Korea's potential role | NK News". 30 September 2019. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 11 October 2019. Dicapai pada 11 October 2019.
  31. ^ "North Korea is hiding nukes and selling weapons, alleges confidential UN report". CNN. 5 February 2019. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 1 June 2022. Dicapai pada 5 February 2019. The summary also accuses North Korea of violating a UN arms embargo and supplying small arms, light weapons and other military equipment to Libya, Sudan, and Houthi rebels in Yemen, through foreign intermediaries.
  32. ^ "Secret UN report reveals North Korea attempts to supply Houthis with weapons". Al-Arabiya. 4 August 2018. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 4 August 2018. Dicapai pada 4 August 2018. The report said that experts were investigating efforts by the North Korean Ministry of Military Equipment and Korea Mining Development Trading Corporation (KOMID) to supply conventional arms and ballistic missiles to Yemen’s Houthi group.
  33. ^ "Panel investigates North Korean weapon used in Mogadishu attack on UN compound". 3 March 2021. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 8 April 2022. Dicapai pada 13 March 2021.
  34. ^ "Just how neutral is Oman in Yemen war?". AL-MONITOR. 12 October 2016. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 18 October 2018. Dicapai pada 17 October 2018. Just how neutral is Oman in Yemen war?"
  35. ^ "Yemen War and Qatar Crisis Challenge Oman's Neutrality". Middle East Institute. 6 July 2017. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 18 October 2018. Dicapai pada 17 October 2018. Yemen War and Qatar Crisis Challenge Oman’s Neutrality
  36. ^ "Oman is a mediator in Yemen. Can it play the same role in Qatar?". The Washington Post. 22 July 2017. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 18 October 2018. Dicapai pada 17 October 2018. Oman is a mediator in Yemen. Can it play the same role in Qatar?
  37. ^ "Oman denies arms smuggled through border to Houthis". Middle East Eye. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 26 April 2019. Dicapai pada 13 June 2018.
  38. ^ "Houthi rise in Yemen raises alarm in Horn of Africa". www.worldbulletin.net. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 13 August 2019. Dicapai pada 13 August 2019.
  39. ^ "Mana'a and al-Ahmar received money from Gaddafi to shake security of KSA, Yemen". 4 September 2011. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 10 February 2013. Dicapai pada 2 March 2021.
  40. ^ Dagres, Holly (2021-04-09). "Russia is friendly with the Houthis in Yemen. But it's complicated". Atlantic Council (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2023-04-08.
  41. ^ Shahbazov, Fuad (2019). "Russia's Growing Role in Yemen". Academia. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2 May 2022. Dicapai pada 3 March 2021.
  42. ^ "Yemen's Military: From the Tribal Army to the Warlords". 19 March 2018. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 14 June 2018. Dicapai pada 2 July 2018.
  43. ^ "Yemen's General People's Congress calls for 'uniting against Iranian project'". English.AlArabiya.net. 3 December 2017. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 24 June 2018. Dicapai pada 1 January 2018.
  44. ^ "Death of a leader: Where next for Yemen's GPC after murder of Saleh?". Middle East Eye. 23 January 2018. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 23 January 2018. Dicapai pada 31 May 2018.
  45. ^ "Source: Hezbollah, Iran helping Hawthi rebels boost control of Yemen's capital". Haaretz. 27 September 2014. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2 April 2015. Dicapai pada 31 March 2015.
  46. ^ Rafi, Salman (2 October 2015). "How Saudi Arabia's aggressive foreign policy is playing against itself". Asia Times. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 29 September 2020. Dicapai pada 23 January 2016.
  47. ^ "Iraq's Nujaba, Yemen's Ansarullah Discuss US Threats – World news". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 11 May 2019. Dicapai pada 9 October 2019.
  48. ^ "State Department Report 1: Iran's Support for Terrorism". The Iran Primer. 2018-09-28. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2 May 2022. Dicapai pada 2022-02-28.
  49. ^ "Houthis, Hamas merge diplomacy around prisoner releases - Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East". 5 January 2021.
  50. ^ "Hamas awards 'Shield of Honor' to Houthi representative in Yemen, sparking outrage in Saudi Arabia". 16 June 2021.
  51. ^ a b c d e f "Egypt, Jordan, Sudan and Pakistan ready for ground offensive in Yemen: report". The Globe and Mail. 26 March 2015. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 26 March 2015. Dicapai pada 26 March 2015.
  52. ^ "Saudi Arabia launches airstrikes in Yemen". CNN. 26 March 2015. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 20 June 2019. Dicapai pada 25 March 2015.
  53. ^ "SOMALIA: Somalia finally pledges support to Saudi-led coalition in Yemen – Raxanreeb Online". RBC Radio. 7 April 2015. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 7 April 2015. Dicapai pada 7 April 2015.
  54. ^ "France Should Stop Fueling Saudi War Crimes in Yemen". Human Rights Watch. 17 May 2019. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 26 May 2022. Dicapai pada 28 March 2022.
  55. ^ "Yemen: Why is the war there getting more violent?". BBC News. 22 March 2022. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 28 July 2018. Dicapai pada 28 March 2022.
  56. ^ a b Riedel, Bruce (18 December 2017). "Who are the Houthis, and why are we at war with them?". Brookings Institution. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 12 June 2018. Dicapai pada 2018-06-12.
  57. ^ "Yemen's Houthis: New members of Iran's anti-Israeli/anti-American axis". JPost.com. Dicapai pada 1 January 2018.
  58. ^ "Exclusive: UK Helping Saudi's Yemen Campaign". Sky News. 7 January 2016. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 28 March 2022. Dicapai pada 28 March 2022.
  59. ^ "Yemen's Houthis: New members of Iran's anti-Israeli/anti-American axis". Jerusalem Post. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 17 January 2023. Dicapai pada 5 October 2018.
  60. ^ "Rebels in Yemen abduct Sunni rivals amid Saudi airstrikes". 5 April 2015. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 15 May 2021. Dicapai pada 20 December 2018 – melalui The CBS News. Muslim Brotherhood's branch in Yemen and a traditional power player in Yemen, had declared its support for the Saudi-led coalition bombing campaign against the rebels and their allies.
  61. ^ "Hamas supports military operation for political legitimacy in Yemen". 29 March 2015. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 8 April 2022. Dicapai pada 17 August 2021.
  62. ^ "Saudi Arabia's Problematic Allies against the Houthis". 14 February 2016. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 18 April 2021. Dicapai pada 20 December 2018 – melalui www.thecairoreview.com. Saudi Arabia made sure to repair its relations with the MB Islah Party.. Consequently, Islah, which can get the job done in parts of northern Yemen, is one of a wide range of anti-Houthi/Saleh elements
  63. ^ "Who are Yemen's Houthis?". 29 April 2015. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 19 April 2020. Dicapai pada 20 December 2018 – melalui Wilson Center. The Houthis have a tense relationship with Islah, a Sunni Islamist party with links to the Muslim Brotherhood. Islah claims the Houthis are an Iranian proxy, and blames them for sparking unrest in Yemen. The Houthis, on the other hand, have accused Islah of cooperating with al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP).
  64. ^ "Al-Qaeda Announces Holy War against Houthis- Yemen Post English Newspaper Online". yemenpost.net. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 21 October 2017. Dicapai pada 6 November 2011.
  65. ^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama salafi
  66. ^ "Islamic State leader urges attacks in Saudi Arabia: speech". Reuters. 13 November 2014. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 19 February 2015. Dicapai pada 26 February 2015.
  67. ^ "3 STC fighters killed in Houthi attack in southern Yemen". Middle East Monitor. 30 September 2022. Dicapai pada 30 September 2022.
  68. ^ Safi, Michael; Robertson, Joshua (8 December 2015). "Australian mercenary reportedly killed in Yemen clashes". The Guardian. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 3 November 2018. Dicapai pada 20 December 2018 – melalui www.theguardian.com.
  69. ^ "As-Saff ayat 14". Quran.com. Dicapai pada Jan 21, 2024.
  70. ^ "Do not call the Ansar Allah movement "Houthi"!". Islamic World News (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 23 April 2021. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2 September 2021. Dicapai pada 2021-09-02.
  71. ^ Hoffman, Valerie J. (28 February 2019). Making the New Middle East: Politics, Culture, and Human Rights. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 9780815654575. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 17 January 2023. Dicapai pada 18 September 2019 – melalui Google Books.
  72. ^ Puin, Gerd-R. (1984). "The Yemeni hijrah concept of tribal protection". Dalam Khalidi, Tarif (penyunting). Land tenure and social transformation in the Middle East. Beirut: American University of Beirut. m/s. 483–494.
  73. ^ "Yemeni forces kill rebel cleric". BBC News. 10 September 2004. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 21 November 2006.
  74. ^ Streuly, Dick (12 February 2015). "5 Things to Know About the Houthis of Yemen". Wall Street Journal. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 12 June 2018. Dicapai pada 2018-07-04.
  75. ^ "Houthi propaganda: following in Hizbullah's footsteps". alaraby. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 18 October 2016. Dicapai pada 15 October 2016.
  76. ^ a b "Yemen: The conflict in Saada Governorate – analysis". IRIN. 24 July 2008. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 4 December 2014. Dicapai pada 29 November 2014.
  77. ^ "Debunking Media Myths About the Houthis in War-Torn Yemen · Global Voices". GlobalVoices.org. 1 April 2015. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 1 September 2017. Dicapai pada 1 January 2018.


Ralat petik: Tag <ref> wujud untuk kumpulan bernama "lower-alpha", tetapi tiada tag <references group="lower-alpha"/> yang berpadanan disertakan

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