Helianthus tuberosus

Helianthus tuberosus
	Stem with flowers
	Umbi direbus
Pengelasan saintifik
Alam:	Plantae
(tanpa pangkat):	Angiospermae
(tanpa pangkat):	Eudikotil
(tanpa pangkat):	Asteridae
Order:	Asterales
Keluarga:	Asteraceae
Genus:	Helianthus
Spesies:	tuberosus
Nama binomial
	H. tuberosus; L.
Sinonim
	Helianthus esculentus Warsz.; Helianthus serotinus Tausch; Helianthus tomentosus Michx.; Helianthus tuberosus var. subcanescens A.Gray;

Helianthus tuberosus atau topinambur^[2] adalah spesies bunga matahari berasal dari tengah benua Amerika Utara.^[3]^[4] Ia ditanam secara meluas di seluruh zon iklim sederhana untuk mendapatkan umbinya yang digunakan sebagai sayur.^[5]

Tumbuhan ini diberi nama umum dalam bahasa Inggeris Jerusalem artichoke ("articok/kharsyuf Yerusalem") sedangkan ia sendiri tidaklah berupa sayur bunga itu mahupun berasal dari Baitulmaqdis (Jerusalem):^[6]^[7] ia datang daripada pengamatan penjelajah Perancis Samuel de Champlain yang mendapatkan sampel pertama tanaman ini dari Amerika Utara mencatatkan rasa umbinya menyerupai sayur articok.^[8]^[9] Nama "Yerusalem" pula datang daripada orang-orang imigran Itali di Amerika Syarikat yang memanggil tanaman ini girasolecode: it is deprecated "bunga matahari" kerana rupa bunganya lama-kelamaan terubah menjadi kata Jerusalem.^[10]^[11]^[12]

^ The Plant List, Helianthus tuberosus L.
^ Szewczyk, Aleksandra; Zagaja, Mirosław; Bryda, Jarosław; Kosikowska, Urszula; Stępień-Pyśniak, Dagmara; Winiarczyk, Stanisław; Andres-Mach, Marta (Mac 2019). "Topinambur - new possibilities for use in a supplementation diet". Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine: AAEM. 26 (1): 24–28. doi:10.26444/aaem/102767. ISSN 1898-2263. PMID 30922024.
^ "Helianthus tuberosus". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Dicapai pada 26 April 2019.
^ "Helianthus tuberosus". Rangkaian Maklumat Sumber Germplasma (GRIN). Perkhidmatan Penyelidikan Pertanian, Jabatan Pertanian Amerika Syarikat. Dicapai pada 11 Disember 2017.
^ Purdue University Center for New Crops & Plants Products: Helianthus tuberosus
^ Peterson, Cass (21 September 1997). "CUTTINGS: The Jerusalem Artichoke Is Doubly Misnamed". The New York Times (dalam bahasa Inggeris). m/s. 50. ISSN 0362-4331. Dicapai pada 9 September 2021.
^ Nemia-Cohen, Adi; Assis, Edna (24 Mei 2021). "Jerusalem Artichoke - Metamorphosis of a Mistake". Tower of David - Museum on the History of Jerusalem. Dicapai pada 9 September 2021.
^ Marcelle Bienvenu, "Topinambour, or Jerusalem, or ground artichokes are a terrific pick: Cooking Creole" | NOLA.com.
^ Stanley J. Kays, Stephen F. Nottingham, Biology and Chemistry of Jerusalem Artichoke: Helianthus tuberosus L., CRC Press, 2007, 496 p. (ISBN 9781420044966), p. 7.
^ Lyle, Katie Letcher (2010) [2004]. The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants, Mushrooms, Fruits, and Nuts: How to Find, Identify, and Cook Them (ed. ke-2). Guilford, CN: FalconGuides. m/s. 148. ISBN 978-1-59921-887-8. OCLC 560560606.
^ Smith, James Edward (1807). An introduction to physiological and systematical botany . m/s. 108f. A change, one presumes, of the Italian name Girasole Articiocco, sun-flower artichoke, as the plant was first brought from Peru to Italy, and thence propagated throughout Europe.
^ Wedgwood, Hensleigh (1855). "On False Etymologies". Transactions of the Philological Society (6): 67.

[1] The Plant List, Helianthus tuberosus L.

[AAEM-2] Szewczyk, Aleksandra; Zagaja, Mirosław; Bryda, Jarosław; Kosikowska, Urszula; Stępień-Pyśniak, Dagmara; Winiarczyk, Stanisław; Andres-Mach, Marta (Mac 2019). "Topinambur - new possibilities for use in a supplementation diet". Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine: AAEM. 26 (1): 24–28. doi:10.26444/aaem/102767. ISSN 1898-2263. PMID 30922024.

[BONAP-3] "Helianthus tuberosus". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Dicapai pada 26 April 2019.

[grin-4] "Helianthus tuberosus". Rangkaian Maklumat Sumber Germplasma (GRIN). Perkhidmatan Penyelidikan Pertanian, Jabatan Pertanian Amerika Syarikat. Dicapai pada 11 Disember 2017.

[purdue-5] Purdue University Center for New Crops & Plants Products: Helianthus tuberosus

[6] Peterson, Cass (21 September 1997). "CUTTINGS: The Jerusalem Artichoke Is Doubly Misnamed". The New York Times (dalam bahasa Inggeris). m/s. 50. ISSN 0362-4331. Dicapai pada 9 September 2021.

[7] Nemia-Cohen, Adi; Assis, Edna (24 Mei 2021). "Jerusalem Artichoke - Metamorphosis of a Mistake". Tower of David - Museum on the History of Jerusalem. Dicapai pada 9 September 2021.

[8] Marcelle Bienvenu, "Topinambour, or Jerusalem, or ground artichokes are a terrific pick: Cooking Creole" | NOLA.com.

[9] Stanley J. Kays, Stephen F. Nottingham, Biology and Chemistry of Jerusalem Artichoke: Helianthus tuberosus L., CRC Press, 2007, 496 p. (ISBN 9781420044966), p. 7.

[10] Lyle, Katie Letcher (2010) [2004]. The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants, Mushrooms, Fruits, and Nuts: How to Find, Identify, and Cook Them (ed. ke-2). Guilford, CN: FalconGuides. m/s. 148. ISBN 978-1-59921-887-8. OCLC 560560606.

[Smith_1807-11] Smith, James Edward (1807). An introduction to physiological and systematical botany . m/s. 108f. A change, one presumes, of the Italian name Girasole Articiocco, sun-flower artichoke, as the plant was first brought from Peru to Italy, and thence propagated throughout Europe.

[12] Wedgwood, Hensleigh (1855). "On False Etymologies". Transactions of the Philological Society (6): 67.

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Helianthus tuberosus

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