Back صراع مورو Arabic Moro konflikt Czech Gwrthryfel y Moro Welsh Moro-Konflikt German Moro conflict English Conflicto moro Spanish Moro-konflikti Finnish Insurrection moro aux Philippines French Coimhlint Moro Irish הסכסוך בדרום הפיליפינים HE

Konflik Moro

Konflik Moro
Sebahagian daripada Pemberontakan di Filipina;
Tuntutan Sabah

Peta Filipina menunjukkan majoriti pegun penduduk Moro-Muslim di Malaysia Mindanao.
Tarikh29 Mac 1969 (1969-03-29) – kini
(55 tahun, 10 bulan dan 6 hari)
Lokasi
Filipina (kebanyakannya Mindanao)
Status
  • Perjanjian damai dicapai antara pemerintah dan kedua-dua MNLF dan MILF
  • Konflik yang berlanjutan antara kumpulan pemerintah dan jihad (Abu Sayyaf, BIFF, dan lain-lain)
Perubahan
wilayah		 Wilayah Autonomi Islam Mindanao dibentuk pada 1 Ogos 1989
Pihak yang terlibat

1969–kini:
 Filipina
Disokong oleh:
 Amerika Syarikat (penasihat)[1]
 Australia[2][3]
 Indonesia[4][5]
 Malaysia (since 2001)[4][6][7][8]

International Monitoring Team (IMT)

1969–2014: Bangsamoro:
MNLF (sehingga 1996)[9]
MILF (sehingga 2014)

Bekas penyokong:
Libya Libya (until 2006)[10][11][12][13]
Pakistan Pakistan (until 2002)[14]
 Malaysia (until 1995)[15][16][17]

2005–kini

NDFP

1991–present:
Jihadist groups:
Negara Islam di Iraq dan Levant BIFF (2008–present)
Negara Islam di Iraq dan Levant Ansar Khalifa Philippines (2014–present)
Negara Islam di Iraq dan Levant ISIS (2014–present)

Bekas kumpulan jihad:
Negara Islam di Iraq dan Levant Maute group (2013–2017)[19][20][21]
Negara Islam di Iraq dan Levant KIM (2011–2013)[22]

Rajah Sulaiman movement (1991–unknown)[23][24]
Komandan dan pemimpin

Ferdinand Marcos
(1969–1986)
Corazon Aquino
(1986–1992)
Fidel V. Ramos
(1992–1998)
Joseph Estrada
(1998–2001)
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
(2001–2010)
Benigno Aquino III
(2010–2016)

Rodrigo Duterte
(2016–present)

Nur Misuari (1969–1996)
Habier Malik  †
Muslimin Sema (1969–1996)
Habib Mujahab Hashim (1969–1996)
Abul Khayr Alonto (1969–1996)
Murad Ebrahim (1978–2014)
Hashim Salamat (deceased)
Former support:
Anwar Sadat (1969–1981)[25]
Muammar Gaddafi (1969–2011)

Mustapha Harun (1969–1995)[26][27]

Negara Islam di Iraq dan Levant Khadaffy Janjalani  †
Negara Islam di Iraq dan Levant Galib Andang  †
Negara Islam di Iraq dan Levant Ameril Umbra Kato  †
Negara Islam di Iraq dan Levant Radullan Sahiron
Negara Islam di Iraq dan Levant Isnilon Totoni Hapilon  †[28]

Negara Islam di Iraq dan Levant Omar Maute  †
Negara Islam di Iraq dan Levant Abdullah Maute  †
Kekuatan
Filipina 125,000–130,000[29]

15,000 (2012)[29]

11,000 (2012)[29]		 Tidak ditentukan
Kerugian dan korban
Jumlah dibunuh:
Sekurang-kurangnya 120,000 termasuk orang awam

Konflik Moro[30] ialah pemberontakan di wilayah Mindanao di Filipina.

Disebabkan peminggiran yang dihasilkan oleh Dasar Penempatan Semula yang berterusan pada awal Mindanao dan Sulu dimasukkan ke wilayah Komanwel Filipina pada 1935, pada tahun 1969, ketegangan politik dan permusuhan terbuka yang dikembangkan antara Kerajaan Filipina dan kumpulan pemberontak Muslim Moro.[31] Peningkatan Pemberontakan Moro akhirnya dicetuskan oleh pembunuhan Jabidah, yang menyaksikan pembunuhan 60 komando Muslim Filipina dalam operasi yang dirancang untuk menuntut semula bahagian timur negara Sabah. Sebagai respon, profesor Universiti Filipina Nur Misuari menubuhkan Barisan Pembebasan Kebangsaan Moro (MNLF), sebuah kumpulan pemberontak bersenjata yang komited untuk menubuhkan entiti bebas yang terdiri daripada Mindanao, Sulu, dan Palawan. Selama bertahun-tahun berturut-turut, MNLF telah berpecah kepada beberapa kumpulan yang berbeza termasuk Barisan Pembebasan Islam Moro (MILF), yang ingin menubuhkan sebuah negara Islam di Filipina. Pemberontakan Moro didasarkan pada sejarah perlawanan lama oleh rakyat Bangsamoro terhadap pemerintahan asing, sejak kembali ke pengambilan Amerika Filipina pada tahun 1898 walaupun mereka bukan sebahagian daripada Akta Perang Sepanyol. Sejak itu, rintangan Moro terus bertahan terhadap kerajaan Filipina.[32]

Statistik kecederaan berbeza untuk konflik; bagaimanapun, anggaran konservatif Program Data Konflik Uppsala menunjukkan bahawa sekurang-kurangnya 6,015 orang terbunuh dalam konflik bersenjata antara Kerajaan Filipina dan ASG, BIFM, MILF, dan puak MNLF antara 1989 dan 2012.

  1. ^ "Defense.gov News Article: Trainers, Advisors Help Philippines Fight Terrorism". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada July 14, 2015. Dicapai pada 29 June 2015. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)
  2. ^ Philippines to be a key recipient of Australia's New Regional Counter-Terrorism Package – Australian Embassy (archived from the original Diarkibkan Mac 20, 2012, di Wayback Machine on 1 September 2007)
  3. ^ Wroe, David (22 June 2017). "RAAF spy planes to join fight against Islamic State in the Philippines". The Sydney Morning Herald. Dicapai pada 23 June 2017.
  4. ^ a b Malcolm Cook (17 March 2014). "Peace's Best Chance in Muslim Mindanao" (PDF). Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. m/s. 7. ISSN 2335-6677. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada April 18, 2015. Dicapai pada 15 September 2014. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)
  5. ^ Anak Agung Banyu Perwita (2007). Indonesia and the Muslim World: Islam and Secularism in the Foreign Policy of Soeharto and Beyond. NIAS Press. m/s. 116–117. ISBN 978-87-91114-92-2.
  6. ^ "Nur Misuari to be repatriated to stand trial". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 20 December 2001. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada July 5, 2014. Dicapai pada 8 July 2014. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)
  7. ^ Soliman M. Santos (2003). Malaysia's Role in the Peace Negotiations Between the Philippine Government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front. Southeast Asian Conflict Studies Network. ISBN 978-983-2514-38-1.
  8. ^ "Malaysia asks PHL for help in tracking militants with Abu Sayyaf ties". GMA-News. 6 July 2014. Dicapai pada 8 July 2014.
  9. ^ Ivan Molloy. "Revolution in the Philippines – The Question of an Alliance Between Islam and Communism". University of California. Dicapai pada 1 May 2012.
  10. ^ "Khadafy admits aiding Muslim seccesionists". Philippine Daily Inquirer. 5 August 1986. m/s. 2.
  11. ^ Paul J. Smith (21 September 2004). Terrorism and Violence in Southeast Asia: Transnational Challenges to States and Regional Stability. M.E. Sharpe. m/s. 194–. ISBN 978-0-7656-3626-3.
  12. ^ William Larousse (1 January 2001). A Local Church Living for Dialogue: Muslim-Christian Relations in Mindanao-Sulu, Philippines : 1965-2000. Gregorian Biblical BookShop. m/s. 151 & 162. ISBN 978-88-7652-879-8.
  13. ^ Michelle Ann Miller (2012). Autonomy and Armed Separatism in South and Southeast Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. m/s. 291–. ISBN 978-981-4379-97-7.
  14. ^ Moshe Yegar (2002). Between Integration and Secession: The Muslim Communities of the Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand, and Western Burma/Myanmar. Lexington Books. m/s. 256–. ISBN 978-0-7391-0356-2.
  15. ^ Tan, Andrew T/H. (2009). A Handbook of Terrorism and Insurgency in Southeast Asia. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. m/s. 230, 238. ISBN 1847207189.
  16. ^ Isak Svensson (27 November 2014). International Mediation Bias and Peacemaking: Taking Sides in Civil Wars. Routledge. m/s. 69–. ISBN 978-1-135-10544-0.
  17. ^ "Philippines rebel leader arrested". BBC News. 25 November 2001. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada September 26, 2015. Dicapai pada 26 September 2015. Malaysia's Inspector-General of Police Norian Mai said Mr Misuari and six of his followers were arrested at 3.30 am on Saturday (1930 GMT Friday) on Jampiras island off Sabah state. Manila had ordered his arrest on charges of instigating a rebellion after the government suspended his governorship of an autonomous Muslim region in Mindanao, the ARMM. Although the Philippines has no extradition treaty with Malaysia, the authorities have already made clear that they intend to hand Mr Misuari over to the authorities in Manila as soon as possible. Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad had said before the arrest that, although his country had provided support to the rebel group in the past in its bid for autonomy, Mr Misuari had not used his powers correctly. "Therefore, we no longer feel responsible to provide him with any assistance," he said. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)
  18. ^ "Maute recruitment continues around Marawi - AFP". ABS-CBN Corporation. 15 December 2017. Dicapai pada 10 January 2018.
  19. ^ "Islamic freedom fighters, Abu Sayyaf next after Maute 'wipeout' — defense chief". The Manila Times. 24 October 2017. Dicapai pada 22 October 2017.
  20. ^ "3 soldiers killed, 11 hurt in Lanao del Sur clash". philstar.com. Dicapai pada 2016-02-27.
  21. ^ Umel, Richel. "Army reports killing 20 'terrorists' in clashes with Lanao Sur armed group". globalnation.inquirer.net. Dicapai pada 2016-02-27.
  22. ^ Kristine Angeli Sabillo. "New al-Qaeda-inspired group eyed in Mindanao blasts—terror expert". Dicapai pada 29 June 2015.
  23. ^ Philippines arrests key militants - BBC.com
  24. ^ Cochrane, Joe (May 2006). "Ticking Time Bombs". Newsweek International. MSN. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 20 September 2006. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)
  25. ^ Moshe Yegar (1 January 2002). Between Integration and Secession: The Muslim Communities of the Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand, and Western Burma/Myanmar. Lexington Books. m/s. 258–. ISBN 978-0-7391-0356-2.
  26. ^ Andrew Tian Huat Tan (1 January 2004). Security Perspectives of the Malay Archipelago: Security Linkages in the Second Front in the War on Terrorism. Edward Elgar. ISBN 978-1-84376-997-2.
  27. ^ Shanti Nair (11 January 2013). Islam in Malaysian Foreign Policy. Routledge. m/s. 67–. ISBN 978-1-134-96099-6. Mustapha was directly implicated in the provision of training facilities for separatist Moro guerrillas as well harbouring Moro Muslim refugees in Sabah due to his ethnic connection.
  28. ^ David Von Drehle (26 February 2015). "What Comes After the War on ISIS". TIME.com. Dicapai pada 29 June 2015.
  29. ^ a b c Lisa Huang; Victor Musembi; Ljiljana Petronic (Jun 21, 2012). "The State-Moro Conflict in the Philippines" (PDF). Carleton. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada September 29, 2015. Dicapai pada September 29, 2015. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)
  30. ^ Gutierrez, Eric; Borras, Saturnino Jr (July 20, 2004). "Moro Conflict: Landlessness and Misdirected State Policies". East-West Center Washington – melalui Amazon.
  31. ^ "The CenSEI Report (Vol. 2, No. 13, April 2-8, 2012)". Dicapai pada 26 January 2015.
  32. ^ "Database - Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) – Philippines". Uppsala Conflict Data Program. Dicapai pada 8 March 2015.
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