Back ثورة التحرير الجزائرية Arabic Guerra d'Independencia d'Arxelia AST الجزایر ساواشی AZB Вайна за незалежнасць Алжыра Byelorussian Алжирска война за независимост Bulgarian আলজেরিয়ার স্বাধীনতা যুদ্ধ Bengali/Bangla Brezel Aljeria Breton Alžirski rat za nezavisnost BS Guerra d'Algèria Catalan شەڕی جەزائیر CKB
| Perang Algeria الثورة الجزائرية Tagrawla Tadzayrit Guerre d'Algérie | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sebahagian daripada Perang Dingin dan penyahjajahan Afrika | ||||||||||
 Collage of the French war in Algeria | ||||||||||
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| Pihak yang terlibat | ||||||||||
.svg){kind=small} FLN MNA PCA |
 France |
FAF (1960–61)  OAS(1961–62) | ||||||||
| Komandan dan pemimpin | ||||||||||
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Mourad Didouche † Mustapha Benboulaïd † Larbi Ben M'Hidi  Ali La Pointe † Ahmed Zabana Youcef Zighoud † Benali Boudghène † Bachir Chihani † Ali Mallah † Colonel Amirouche † Saadi Yacef Ahli politik: Abane Ramdane † Ferhat Abbas Houari Boumedienne Hocine Aït Ahmed Ahmed Ben Bella Krim Belkacem Frantz Fanon Rabah Bitat Mohamed Boudiaf Ali Kafi Ahmed Tewfik El Madani Ahmed Francis Mohamed Khider Benyoucef Benkhedda Abdelhamid Mehri Mohamed Lamine Debaghine Saad Dahlab Mohammed Seddik Benyahia Amar Ouamrane Lakhdar Ben Tobbal Abdelhafid Boussouf Saïd Mohammedi Ibrahim Mazhoudi |
Alphonse Djamate (1955–62) Paul Cherrière (1954–55) Henri Lorillot (1955–56) Raoul Salan (1956–58) Jacques Massu (1956–60) Paul Aussaresses Maurice Challe (1958–60) Jean Crepin (1960–61) Fernand Gambiez (1961) |
Said Boualam Pierre Lagaillarde Raoul Salan Edmond Jouhaud Jean-Jacques Susini | ||||||||
| Kekuatan | ||||||||||
| 300,000 dikenalpasti 40,000 orang awam |
470,000 (maksimum dicapai dan dikekalkan dari 1956 hingga 1962)[8] 1.5 million total mobilized[9] more than 90,000 Harkis | 3,000 (OAS) | ||||||||
| Kerugian dan korban | ||||||||||
| 140,000[10] hingga 152,863 anggota FLN[11][12] termasuk 12,000 hukuman buang[13] |
25,600 terkorban[14]
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300,000 (including 55,000 to 60,000 civilians)[15] Algerian casualties | ||||||||||
Perang Kemerdekaan Algeria, juga dikenali sebagai Perang Algeria ataupun Revolusi Algeria (Arab: الثورة الجزائرية Ath-Thawra Al-Jazā’iriyya; Perancis: Guerre d'Algérie) ialah peperangan antara Perancis dan gerakan-gerakan kemerdekaan Algeria dari tahun 1954 hingga 1962 yang membawa kepada kemerdekaan Algeria daripada pemerintahan Perancis. Sebuah perang pembebasan yang penting, perang ini merupakan sebuah konflik yang kompleks yang ditandai peperangan gerila, pertempuran maquis, terorisme, penggunaan penyiksaan oleh kedua-dua pihak, dan operasi anti-pengganas. Konflik ini juga merupakan perang saudara antara orang Algeria yang setai dengan Algeria Perancis dan lawan mereka, para pemberontak Muslim Algeria.[19]
- ^ The Algerian War 1954–62, By Martin Windrow, Mike Chappell, page 11
- ^ Introduction to Comparative Politics, By Mark Kesselman, Joel Krieger, William Joseph, page 108
- ^ Contracting States: Sovereign Transfers in International Relations, By Alexander Cooley, Hendrik Spruyt, page 63
- ^ Christian A. Herter: The American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy By George Bernard Noble, page 155
- ^ Alec G. Hargreaves (2005). Memory, Empire, and Postcolonialism: Legacies of French Colonialism. Lexington Books. m/s. 1. ISBN 978-0-7391-0821-5.
The death knell of the French empire was sounded by the bitterly fought Algerian war of independence, which ended in 1962.
- ^ "The French defeat in the war effectively signaled the end of the French Empire" Collective Memory: France and the Algerian War (1954–1962) Jo McCormack – 2010 [1]
Paul Allatson; Jo McCormack (2008). Exile Cultures, Misplaced Identities. Rodopi. m/s. 117. ISBN 978-90-420-2406-9.The Algerian War came to an end in 1962, and with it closed some 130 years of French colonial presence in Algeria (and North Africa). With this outcome, the French Empire, celebrated in pomp in Paris in the Exposition coloniale of 1931 and exalted in de Gaulle's description of “la France de Dunkerque à Tlemcen” [Greater France stretching from Dunkerque to Tlemcen], received its decisive death blow.
- ^ Yves Beigbeder (2006). Judging War Crimes And Torture: French Justice And International Criminal Tribunals And Commissions (1940-2005). Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. m/s. 35. ISBN 978-90-04-15329-5.
The independence of Algeria in 1962, after a long and bitter war, marked the end of the French empire are just some of the reasons why France has preferred to look towards a Eurocentric future, rather than confront the painful aspects of its colonial past.
- ^ Martin Windrow, The Algerian War 1954–62. p. 17
- ^ http://www.lefigaro.fr/mon-figaro/2012/03/19/10001-20120319ARTFIG00743-algerie-une-guerre-d-appeles.php
- ^ Travis, Hannibal (2013). Genocide, Ethnonationalism, and the United Nations: Exploring the Causes of Mass Killing Since 1945. Routledge. m/s. 137.
- ^ [2] Page 6 "The Algerian Ministry of War Veterans gives the figure of 152,863 FLN killed"
- ^ [3] Diarkibkan 2016-11-07 di Wayback Machine "The Algerian Ministry of War Veterans calculates 152,863 Front de Libération Nationale (FLN) deaths(french sources), and although the death toll among Algerian civilians may never be accurately known estimate of 1500000 to 2000000 were killed Page 576
- ^ A Savage War of Peace: Algeria 1954–1962 – Alistair Horne – P358 (4,300 Algerian from the FLN and MNA killed in metropolitan France)
- ^ Stapleton, T.J. (2013). A Military History of Africa [3 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. m/s. 1–272. ISBN 9780313395703. Dicapai pada 2017-01-13.
- ^
From "Algeria: War of independence". Mass Atrocity Endings.:
He also argues that the least controversial of all the numbers put forward by various groups are those concerning the French soldiers, where government numbers are largely accepted as sound. Most controversial are the numbers of civilians killed. On this subject, he turns to the work of Meynier, who, citing French army documents (not the official number) posits the range of 55,000–60,000 deaths. Meynier further argues that the best number to capture the harkis deaths is 30,000. If we add to this, the number of European civilians, which government figures posit as 2,788.
Meynier's work cited was: Meynier,, Gilbert. "Histoire intérieure du FLN. 1954–1962".CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
- ^ Cutts, M.; Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2000). The State of the World's Refugees, 2000: Fifty Years of Humanitarian Action. Oxford University Press. m/s. 38. ISBN 9780199241040. Dicapai pada 2017-01-13. Referring to Evans, Martin. 2012. Algeria: France’s Undeclared War. New York: Oxford University Press.
- ^ "Algeria – The Revolution and Social Change". countrystudies.us. Dicapai pada 2017-01-13.
- ^ Windrow, Martin (1997-11-15). The Algerian War 1954–62. m/s. 13. ISBN 1 85532 658 2.
- ^ Guy Pervillé, Pour une histoire de la guerre d´Algérie, chap. "Une double guerre civile", Picard, 2002, pp.132–139