Persjani

Il-Persjani huma grupp etniku Iranjan li jinkludi aktar minn nofs il - popolazzjoni ta ' l - Iran . Huma jaqsmu sistema kulturali komuni u huma kelliema nattivi tal- lingwa Persjan ^{[1] [2] [3]} kif ukoll tal -lingwi li huma relatati mill-qrib mal-Persjan . ^[4]

Il-Persjani tal-qedem kienu oriġinarjament poplu Iranjan tal-qedem li kien emigra lejn ir-reġjun ta ' Persis (li jikkorrispondi għall-provinċja Iranjana moderna ta' Fars ) sad-9 seklu Q.K. ^{[5] [6]} Flimkien mal-alleati kompatrijotti tagħhom, huma stabbilixxew u ħakmu xi wħud mill-imperi l-aktar qawwija tad-dinja ^{[7] [6]} li huma rikonoxxuti sew għall-influwenza kulturali, politika u soċjali massiva tagħhom, li kopriet ħafna mit-territorju u l-popolazzjoni tal- qedem. dinja . ^{[8] [9] [10]} Matul l-istorja, il-poplu Persjan ta kontribut kbir għall -arti u x-xjenza . ^{[11] [12] [13]} Il-letteratura Persjana hija waħda mit-tradizzjonijiet letterarji l-aktar prominenti fid-dinja. ^[14]

Fit-terminoloġija kontemporanja, nies mill -Afganistan, it-Taġikistan, u l-Użbekistan li b'mod nattiv jitkellmu l-lingwa Persjana huma magħrufa bħala Taġiks, bl-ewwel żewġ pajjiżi għandhom id-djaletti tagħhom stess tal-Persjan magħruf bħala Dari u Taġiki, rispettivament; billi dawk fil- Kawkasu (primarjament fir- Repubblika tal-preżent tal-Ażerbajġan u d-Dagestan, ir-Russja ), għalkemm assimilati ħafna, huma magħrufa bħala Tats . ^{[15] [16]} Storikament, madankollu, it-termini Taġik u Tat intużaw b'mod sinonimu u interkambjabbli mal- Persjan . ^[15] Ħafna figuri Persjani influwenti ġew minn barra l-fruntieri tal-Iran tal-lum—fil-grigal fl-Afganistan u l-Asja Ċentrali, u sa ċertu punt fil-Kawkasu proprju fil-majjistral. ^{[17] [18]} F'kuntesti storiċi, speċjalment bl -Ingliż, "Persjan" jista 'jiġi definit b'mod aktar laxk (spiss bħala identità nazzjonali) biex ikopri s-suġġetti kollha tal-politika Persjana tal-qedem, irrispettivament mill-isfond etniku tagħhom.

1. ^ Beck, Lois (2014). Nomads in Postrevolutionary Iran: The Qashqa'i in an Era of Change. Routledge. p. xxii. ISBN 978-1317743866. (...) an ethnic Persian; adheres to cultural systems connected with other ethnic Persians (...)
2. ^ Samadi, Habibeh; Perkins, Nick (2012). Assessing Grammar: The Languages of Lars. Multilingual Matters. p. 169. ISBN 978-1-84769-637-3.
3. ^ http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-v1-peoples-survey. |title= nieqes jew vojt (għajnuna)
4. ^ http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/lori-language-ii. |title= nieqes jew vojt (għajnuna)
5. ^ http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/fars-i. |title= nieqes jew vojt (għajnuna)
6. ^ ^{a b} Sacks, David; Murray, Oswyn; Brody, Lisa R. (2005). Encyclopedia of the Ancient Greek World. Facts On File. p. 256 (at the right portion of the page). ISBN 978-0-8160-5722-1.
7. ^ http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/achaemenid-dynasty. |title= nieqes jew vojt (għajnuna)
8. ^ Farr, Edward (1850). History of the Persians. Robert Carter. pp. 124–7.
9. ^ Script error: The function "ċita harvard" does not exist..
10. ^ Durant, Will (1950). Age of Faith. Simon and Schuster. p. 150. Repaying its debt, Sasanian art exported its forms and motives eastward into India, Turkestan, and China, westward into Syria, Asia Minor, Constantinople, the Balkans, Egypt, and Spain.
11. ^ Burke, Andrew; Elliot, Mark (2008). Iran. Lonely Planet. pp. 295 & 114–5 (for architecture) and pp. 68–72 (for arts). ISBN 9781742203492.
12. ^ Hovannisian, Richard G.; Sabagh, Georges (1998). The Persian Presence in the Islamic World. Cambridge University Press. pp. 80–83. ISBN 9780521591850.
13. ^ Spuler, Bertold; Marcinkowski, M. Ismail (2003). Persian Historiography & Geography. Pustaka Nasional Pte Ltd. ISBN 9789971774882.
14. ^ Arberry, Arthur John (1953). The Legacy of Persia. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 200. ISBN 0-19-821905-9.
15. ^ ^{a b} http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/tajik-i-the-ethnonym-origins-and-application. |title= nieqes jew vojt (għajnuna)
16. ^ Ostler, Nicholas (2010). The Last Lingua Franca: English Until the Return of Babel. Penguin UK. pp. 1–352. ISBN 978-0141922218. Tat was known to have been used at different times to designate Crimean Goths, Greeks and sedentary peoples generally, but its primary reference came to be the Persians within the Turkic domains. (...) Tat is nowadays specialized to refer to special groups with Iranian languages in the west of the Caspian Sea.
17. ^ Nava'i, Ali Shir (tr. & ed. Robert Devereaux) (1996). Muhakamat al-lughatain. Leiden: Brill. p. 6.
18. ^ Starr, S. F. (2013). Lost Enlightenment: Central Asia's Golden Age from the Arab Conquest to Tamerlane. Princeton University Press.