Bhirrana

Bhirrana, Bhirdana, Birhana – stanowisko archeologiczne w północnych Indiach, starożytna osada protomiejska będąca elementem cywilizacji doliny Indusu oraz wcześniejszej kultury Hakra, obecnie w stanie Hariana, w odległości 220 kilometrów od Delhi.

Położona nad rzeką Ghaggar, która przez archeologów z Archaeological Survey of India identyfikowana jest z rygwedyjską rzeką Saraswati. Najstarsze znaleziska na stanowisku archeologicznym w Bhirranie sięgają 8 tysiąclecia p.n.e^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5].

↑ Randall William Law: Inter-regional Interaction and Urbanism in the Ancient Indus Valley: A Geologic Provenience Study of Harappa's Rock and Mineral Assemblage. Michigan: Indus Project, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 2011, s. 83. ISBN 978-4-902325-57-7.
↑ L.S. Rao. New light on the excavation of Harappan settlement at Bhirrana. „Puratattva”. 35, s. 1-9, 2005.
↑ K.N. Dikshit. "Origin of Early Harappan Cultures in the Sarasvati Valley: Recent Archaeological Evidence and Radiometric Dates". „ Journal of Indian Ocean Archaeology”. 9, s. 67, 18 stycznia 2017.
↑ Anindya Sarkar. "Oxygen isotope in archaeological bioapatites from India: Implications to climate change and decline of Bronze Age Harappan civilization". „Scientific Reports.”. 6, s. 9, 25 maja 2016. DOI: 10.1038/srep26555.
↑ K.N. Dikshit. "The Rise of Indian Civilization: Recent Archaeological Evidence from the Plains of 'Lost' River Saraswati and Radio-Metric Dates". „Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute”. 72-73, s. 1-42, 2012. ISSN 0045-9801.

[1] Randall William Law: Inter-regional Interaction and Urbanism in the Ancient Indus Valley: A Geologic Provenience Study of Harappa's Rock and Mineral Assemblage. Michigan: Indus Project, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 2011, s. 83. ISBN 978-4-902325-57-7.

[rao-2] L.S. Rao. New light on the excavation of Harappan settlement at Bhirrana. „Puratattva”. 35, s. 1-9, 2005.

[3] K.N. Dikshit. "Origin of Early Harappan Cultures in the Sarasvati Valley: Recent Archaeological Evidence and Radiometric Dates". „ Journal of Indian Ocean Archaeology”. 9, s. 67, 18 stycznia 2017.

[sarkar-4] Anindya Sarkar. "Oxygen isotope in archaeological bioapatites from India: Implications to climate change and decline of Bronze Age Harappan civilization". „Scientific Reports.”. 6, s. 9, 25 maja 2016. DOI: 10.1038/srep26555.

[5] K.N. Dikshit. "The Rise of Indian Civilization: Recent Archaeological Evidence from the Plains of 'Lost' River Saraswati and Radio-Metric Dates". „Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute”. 72-73, s. 1-42, 2012. ISSN 0045-9801.

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Bhirrana

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