George Orwell Eric Arthur Blair | |
![]() George Orwell (pseudonimul lui Eric Arthur Blair) fotografia de pe legitimația de ziarist (1933) | |
Date personale | |
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Nume la naștere | Eric Arthur Blair ![]() |
Născut | 25 iunie 1903 India Britanică |
Decedat | 21 ianuarie 1950 (46 de ani) Londra, Regatul Unit |
Înmormântat | Church of All Saints cemetery[*] ![]() |
Cauza decesului | cauze naturale (tuberculoză[5]) ![]() |
Părinți | Richard Walmesley Blair[*][4] Ida Mabel Limouzin[*][4] ![]() |
Frați și surori | Marjorie Frances Blair[*][4] Avril Nora Blair[*][4] ![]() |
Căsătorit cu | Eileen O'Shaughnessy[*] (–)[4] Sonia Orwell[*] (–)[4] ![]() |
Copii | Richard Blair[*][4] ![]() |
Cetățenie | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Etnie | englez ![]() |
Religie | ateism ![]() |
Ocupație | romancier, scriitor, jurnalist, eseist, critic literar |
Limbi vorbite | limba engleză[6][7] limba franceză ![]() |
Pseudonim | George Orwell, John Freeman[1][2] |
Partid politic | Independent Labour Party[*][3] ![]() |
Studii | Colegiul Eton |
Activitatea literară | |
Limbi | limba engleză[5] ![]() |
Opere semnificative | Ferma Animalelor, O mie nouă sute optzeci și patru |
Note | |
Premii | Prometheus Award - Hall of Fame[*] Premiul Hugo pentru cea mai bună nuvelă Retro Hugo Award for Best Novella[*] ![]() |
Semnătură | |
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Prezență online | |
Modifică date / text ![]() |
George Orwell (pseudonimul literar și jurnalistic al lui Eric Arthur Blair) (n. 25 iunie 1903, Motihari, statul Bihar, India Britanică — d. 21 ianuarie 1950, Londra, Regatul Unit) a fost un romancier, eseist, nuvelist, critic literar și jurnalist britanic, comentator al radio BBC, editorialist și reporter. El a luptat ca voluntar în Războiul Civil din Spania de partea comuniștilor. A scris romane, eseuri și critică literară.
George Orwell este autorul a două faimoase romane satiră în care atacă totalitarismul:
George Orwell's payment book for 20 December 1943 records the sum of pounds 5.50 for a special article of 2,000 words for Tribune. This has never been traced in Tribune under Orwell's name but it now seems certain that an essay, entitled 'Can Socialists Be Happy?' by 'John Freeman' is what is referred to. The name Freeman would have appealed to Orwell as a pseudonym, and the article has many social, political and literary links with Orwell, such as the relation of Lenin to Dickens (the fact that Lenin read A Christmas Carol on his deathbed also appears in the second paragraph of Orwell's 1939 essay, 'Charles Dickens'). A 'real' John Freeman, later editor of the New Statesman, has confirmed that he did not write the article. The reason why Orwell chose to write as 'John Freeman' he never used this pseudonym again is not clear. It may be that Tribune did not want its literary editor to be seen to be associated with its political pages. Possibly it was a device that allowed Orwell to be paid a special fee. Or it may be that he simply wished to see how far Tribune would let him go with his opinions. In any case, the article appeared in the Christmas issue and provoked much debate in the issues that followed. The 'lost essay' is included in the Collected Works and printed here for the first time under Orwell's name.
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