Bertrand Russell

Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS (18 Mey 1872 – 2 Februar 1970), wis a Breetish^[1] philosopher, logician, mathemateecian, historian, pacifist, an social critic.^[2] Tho he spent maist o his life in Ingland, he wis born in Wales, an dee'd thare at the age o 97.^[3]

Russell led the Breetish "revolt against idealism" in the early 1900s. He is considered ane o the foonders o analytic philosophy alang wi his predecessor Gottlob Frege an his protégé Ludwig Wittgenstein, an is widely held tae be ane o the 20t century's premier logeecians.^[2] He co-authored, wi A. N. Whitehead, Principia Mathematica, an attempt tae grund mathematics on logic. His philosophical essay "On Denoting" haes been considered a "paradigm o philosophy."^[4] His wirk haes haed a considerable influence on logic, mathematics, set theory, linguistics, an philosophy, especially philosophy o leid, epistemology, an metapheesics.

Russell wis a prominent anti-war activist; he championed free trade an anti-imperialism.^[5][6] Russell went tae prison for his pacifist activism durin Warld War I. Later, he campaigned against Adolf Hitler, then criticised Stalinist totalitarianism, attackt the Unitit States o Americae's involvement in the Vietnam War, an finally became an ootspoken proponent o nuclear disarmament.^[7]

In 1950, Russell wis awardit the Nobel Prize in Literature, "in recognition o his varied an significant writins in which he champions humanitarian ideals an freedom o thought."^[8]

1. ↑ Sidney Hook, "Lord Russell and the War Crimes Trial", Bertrand Russell: critical assessments, Volume 1, edited by A. D. Irvine, (New York 1999) page 178
2. ↑ ^{a b} Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "Bertrand Russell", 1 May 2003
3. ↑ Hestler, Anna (2001). Wales. Marshall Cavendish. p. 53. ISBN 076141195X.
4. ↑ Ludlow, Peter, "Descriptions", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = [1].
5. ↑ Richard Rempel (1979). "From Imperialism to Free Trade: Couturat, Halevy and Russell's First Crusade". Journal of the History of Ideas. University of Pennsylvania Press. 40 (3): 423–443. doi:10.2307/2709246.
6. ↑ Bertrand Russell (1988) [1917]. Political Ideals. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-10907-8.
7. ↑ The Bertrand Russell Gallery
8. ↑ The Nobel Foundation (1950). Bertrand Russell: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1950. Retrieved on 11 June 2007.