European Union

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European Union Bulgarie: Европейски съюз Croatie: Europska unija Czech: Evropská unie Dens: Den Europæiske Union Dutch: Europese Unie Estonie: Euroopa Liit Finnish: Euroopan unioni French: Union européenne German: Europäische Union Greek: Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση Hungarian: Európai Unió Erse: An tAontas Eorpach Italian: Unione europea Latvie: Eiropas Savienība Lithuanie: Europos Sąjunga Maltese: Unjoni Ewropea Pols: Unia Europejska Portuguese: União Europeia Romanie: Uniunea Europeană Slovak: Európska únia Slovene: Evropska unija Spaingie: Unión Europea Swadish: Europeiska unionen
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Motto: "In Varietate Concordia" (Laitin)
Anthem: "Ode tae Joy" (orchestral)
Location of the European Union, its ootermaist regions, an the owerseas kintras an territories
Caipital	Brussels (de facto)[1]
Lairgest ceety	Paris
Offeecial leids	24 leids[a] Bulgarie Croatie Czech Dens Dutch Inglis Estonie Finnish French German Greek Hungarian Erse Italian Latvie Lithuanie Maltese Polish Portuguese Romanie Slovak Slovene Spaingie Swadish
Offeecial scripts[3]	Latin Greek Cyrillic
Releegion	71.6% Christianity 45.3% Roman Catholic 11.1% Protestant 9.6% Eastren Orthodox 5.6% ither Christian 24% Na releegion 1.8% Muslim 2.6% ither faiths[4]
Demonym(s)	European[5]
Teep	Poleetical an economic union
Member states	27 states  Austrick  Belgium  Bulgarie  Croatie  Cyprus  Czech Republic  Denmark  Estonie  Finland  Fraunce  Germany  Greece  Hungary  Ireland  Italy  Latvie  Lithuanie  Luxembourg  Maltae  Netherlands  Poland  Portugal  Romanie  Slovakie  Slovenie  Spain  Swaden
Govrenment	Supranaitional an intergovrenmental
• Preses o the Cooncil	Charles Michel
• Preses o the Pairlament	David Sassoli
• Preses o the Commission	Ursula von der Leyen
Legislatur	Cooncil o the EU European Pairlament
Formation[6]
• Treaty o Roum	1 Januar 1958
• Treaty o Maastricht	1 November 1993
• Treaty o Lisbon	1 December 2009
• Last polity admittit	1 Julie 2013
Aurie
• Total	4,475,757 km2 (1,728,099 sq mi) (7t)
• Water (%)	3.08
Population
• 2018 estimate	512,596,403[7] (3rd)
• Density	117.3/km2 (303.8/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2019 estimate
• Total	$23.0 trillion[8] (2nt)
• Per capita	$44,854[8]
GDP (nominal)	2019 estimate
• Tot	$19.1 trillion[8] (2nt)
• Per capita	$37,360[9]
Gini (2016)	30.8[10] medium
HDI (2017)	0.899[b] verra heich
Currency	Euro (EUR; €; in eurozone) an 10 ithers Lev (BGN; Bulgarie) Koruna (CZK; Czech Republic) Krone (DKK; Denmark) Poond sterling (GBP; Unitit Kinrick) Gibraltar poond (GIP; Gibraltar) Kuna (HRK; Croatie) Forint (HUF; Hungary) Złoty (PLN; Poland) Leu (RON; Romanie) Krona (SEK; Swaden)
Time zone	UTC to UTC+2 (WET, CET, EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+1 to UTC+3 (WEST, CEST, EEST)
	(see an aw Simmer Time in Europe) Note: wi the exception o the Canary Islands an Madeira, the ootermaist regions observe different time zones nae shawn.[c]
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy (AD/CE) See an aw: Date an time notation in Europe
Internet TLD	.eu[d]
Wabsteid europa.eu

The European Union (EU) is a group o 27 memmer states that are locatit primarily in Europe.^[12][13] The Union wis pitten thegither fir cultural an economic ettils. Monie kintras in the Union bruiks the same siller, the euro.

The EU traces its origins frae the European Coal an Steel Community (ECSC) an the European Economic Community (EEC), formed bi the Inner Sax kintras in 1951 and 1958, respectively. In the intervenin years the commonty an its successors hae grown in size bi the accession o new member states an in pouer bi the addeetion o policy auries tae its remit. The Maastricht Treaty established the European Union unner its current name in 1993.^[14] The latest major amendment tae the constitutional basis o the EU, the Treaty o Lisbon, came intae force in 2009.

The EU haes developed a single market throu a standardised seestem o laws that apply in aw member states. Within the Schengen Aurie (which includes 22 EU an 4 non-EU states) passport controls hae been abolished.^[15] EU policies aim tae ensur the free movement o fowk, guids, services, an caipital,^[16] enact legislation in juistice an home affairs, an maintain common policies on trade,^[17] agricultur,^[18] fisheries, an regional development.^[19]

The monetary union wis established in 1999 and came intae full force in 2002. Hit is currently componed o 18 member states that uise the euro as thair legal tender. Throu the Common Foreign an Security Policy the EU haes developed a role in freemit relations an defence. The union maintains permanent diplomatic missions throughout the warld an represents itself at the Unitit Naitions, the WTO, the G8, an the G-20.

The EU is considered bi mony tae be a potential superpouer. Wi a combined population o ower 500 million indwallers,^[7] or 7.3% o the warld population,^[20] the EU in 2012 generatit a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) o 16.584 trillion US dollars, constitutin approximately 23% o global nominal GDP an 20% when measured in terms o purchasin pouer parity, which is the lairgest nominal GDP an GDP PPP in the warld.^[21] The EU wis the recipient o the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize.^[22]

1. ↑ Cybriwsky, Roman Adrian (2013). Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-61069-248-9. Brussels, the capital of Belgium, is considered to be the de facto capital of the EU
2. ↑ "European Commission – Frequently asked questions on languages in Europe". europa.eu.
3. ↑ Leonard Orban (24 Mey 2007). "Cyrillic, the third official alphabet of the EU, was created by a truly multilingual European" (PDF). europe.eu. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
4. ↑ "DISCRIMINATION IN THE EU IN 2015", Special Eurobarometer, 437, European Union: European Commission, 2015, archived frae the original on 17 December 2019, retrieved 15 October 2017 – via GESIS
5. ↑ The New Oxford American Dictionary, Second Edn., Erin McKean (editor), 2051 pages, 2005, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-517077-6.
6. ↑ Current Article 1 of the Treaty on European Union reads: "The Union sall be foondit on the present Treaty an on the Treaty on the Functionin o the European Union. Thae twa Treaties sall hae the same legal vailyie. The Union sall replace an succeed the European Community".
7. ↑ ^{a b} "Eurostat – Population on 1 January 2018". European Commission. Retrieved 13 Julie 2018.
8. ↑ ^{a b c} "IMF World Economic Outlook Database, October 2018". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
9. ↑ "IMF World Economic Outlook Database, April 2016". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 17 Apryle 2016.
10. ↑ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC)". Eurostat Data Explorer. Archived frae the original on 4 Mairch 2016. Retrieved 12 Februar 2017.
11. ↑ "Human Development Report 2018 Summary". The United Nations. Retrieved 19 Mairch 2018.
12. ↑ "Basic information on the European Union". European Union. europa.eu. Archived frae the original on 29 September 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2012.
13. ↑ "European". Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 3 October 2011. 5 b. spec. Designating a developing series of economic and political unions between certain countries of Europe from 1952 onwards, as European Economic Community, European Community, European Union
14. ↑ Craig, Paul (2007). EU Law: Text, Cases and Materials (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-19-927389-8. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); "Treaty of Maastricht on European Union". Activities of the European Union. Europa web portal. Retrieved 20 October 2007.
15. ↑ "Schengen area". Europa web portal. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
16. ↑ European Commission. "The EU Single Market: Fewer barriers, more opportunities". Europa web portal. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
    "Activities of the European Union: Internal Market". Europa web portal. Retrieved 29 Juin 2007.
17. ↑ "Common commercial policy". Europa Glossary. Europa web portal. Archived frae the original on 16 Januar 2009. Retrieved 6 September 2008.
18. ↑ "Agriculture and Fisheries Council". The Council of the European Union. Archived frae the original on 11 Mairch 2014. Retrieved 3 Juin 2013.
19. ↑ "Regional Policy Inforegio". Europa web portal. Retrieved 3 Juin 2013.
20. ↑ "European Union reaches 500 Million through Combination of Accessions, Migration and Natural Growth". Vienna Institute of Demography.
21. ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2013 Edition". International Monetary Fund. October 2013.
22. ↑ "EU collects Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo". British Broadcasting Corporation. 10 December 2012. Retrieved 3 Juin 2013.