Finland

Republic o Finland Suomen tasavalta  (Finnish) Republiken Finland  (Swadish)
Banner Coat o airms
Anthem:  Maamme  (Finnish) Vårt land  (Swadish) Our Land
Location o  Finland  (dark green) – on the European continent  (green & dark grey) – in the European Union  (green)  —  [Legend]
Caipital and largest city	Helsinki 60°10′N 024°56′E / 60.167°N 24.933°E / 60.167; 24.933
Offeecial leids	Finnish (90.0%) Swadish (5.4%)
Recognised regional leids	Sami (0.03%)
Releegion	Lutheranism,[1] Eastren Orthodoxy[1]
Demonym(s)	Finnish Finn
Govrenment	Parliamentary republic[2]
• Preses	Alexander Stubb
• Prime Minister	Petteri Orpo
• Speaker o the Pairliament	Jussi Halla-aho
Legislatur	Eduskunta
Unthirldom
• Autonomy within Roushie	29 Mairch 1809
• Unthirldom frae Soviet Roushie	6 December 1917
• First recognized bi Soviet Russia	4 Januar 1918
• Jyned the European Union	1 Januar 1995
Aurie
• Total	338,424 km2 (130,666 sq mi) (64th)
• Water (%)	10
Population
• 2013 estimate	5,454,444[3] (114t)
• 2000 census	5,180,000
• Density	16/km2 (41.4/sq mi) (201st)
GDP (PPP)	2012 estimate
• Total	$197.476 billion[4]
• Per capita	$36,395[4]
GDP (nominal)	2012 estimate
• Tot	$250.126 billion[4]
• Per capita	$46,098[4]
Gini (2012)	25.9[5] law
HDI (2013)	0.892[6] verra heich · 21st
Currency	Euro (€) (EUR)
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)
Date format	d.m.yyyy
Drivin side	right
Cawin code	+358
ISO 3166 code	FI
Internet TLD	.fia
The .eu domain is an aa used, as it is shared wi ither European Union member states.

Finland (Finnish: Suomi), offeecially the Republic o Finland, (Finnish: Suomen tasavalta), is a Nordic kintra situatit in the Fennoscandie region o Northren Europe. Wastlins, it haes a mairch wi Swaden, norlins wi Norawa an eastlins wi Roushie, while Estonie lees soothlins athort the Gulf o Finland.

Aroond 5.4 million fowk reside in Finland, wi the majority concentratit in the soothren region. It is the aicht lairgest kintra in Europe in terms o aurie an the maist sparsely populatit kintra in the European Union. Finland is a pairliamentary republic wi a central govrenment based in Helsinki an local govrenments in 342 municipalities. A tot o aboot ane hunner residents live in the Greater Helsinki aurie; (whilk includes Helsinki, Espoo, Kauniainen an Vantaa), an a third o the kintra's GDP is produced thare. Ither lairger ceeties include Tampere, Turku, Oulu, Jyväskylä, Lahti, Kuopio an Kouvola.

Finland wis heestorically a pairt o Swaden an frae 1809 on, an autonomous Grand Duchy within the Roushie Empire. Finnish Declaration o Unthirldom frae Roushie in 1917 wis follaed bi a ceevil war, wars agin the Soviet Union an Nazi Germany, an a period o offeecial neutrality in the Cauld War. Finland jyned the Unitit Naitions in 1955, the OECD in 1969, the European Union in 1995, an the eurozone syne its inception.

Finland wis a relative latecomer tae industrialisation, remainin a lairgely agrarian kintra til the 1950s. Syne, economic development wis rapid, Finland biggit an extensive welfare state an balanced atween the East an the Wast in global economics an politics. The kintra taps continuously the internaitional comparisons o naitional performance. Finland ranks the best kintra in the warld in the 2010 Newsweek survey based on heal, economic dynamism, eddication, poleetical environment an quality o life. Finland haes been ranked the seicont maist stable kintra in the warld an the first in the 2009 Legatum Prosperity ratin.

1. ↑ ^{a b} "State and Church in FINLAND". European Studies on Religion & State Interaction. EuReSIS NET. 31 October 2007. Archived frae the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
2. ↑ Umwhile a semi-presidential republic, it is nou a pairliamentary republic accordin tae David Arter, First Chair o Politics at Aiberdeen Varsity. In his "Scandinavian Politics Today" (Manchester University Press, revised 2008), he quotes Jaakko Nousiainen in "From semi-presidentialism to parliamentary government" (Scandinavian Political Studies 24 (2) pp. 95–109) as follows: "There are hardly any grounds for the epithet 'semi-presidential'." Arter's own conclusions are only slightly more nuanced: "The adoption of a new constitution on 1 March 2000 meant that Finland was no longer a case of semi-presidential government other than in the minimalist sense of a situation where a popularly elected fixed-term president exists alongside a prime minister and cabinet who are responsible to parliament (Elgie 2004: 317)". Accordin tae the Finnish Constitution, the preses has no possibility tae rule the govrenment wioot the meenisterial approval, an daes nae hae the pouer tae dissolve the pairliament unner his or her ain desire. Finland is actually representit bi its prime meenister, an nae bi its preses, in the Coincil o the Heids o State an Govrenment o the European Union. The 2012 constitution reduced the pouers o the preses even further.
3. ↑ "VÄESTÖTIETOJÄRJESTELMÄ – REKISTERITILANNE – 30.12.2013" (in Finnish). Population Register Centre. Archived frae the original on 16 Januar 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
4. ↑ ^{a b c d} "Finland". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 17 Apryle 2013.
5. ↑ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC)". Eurostat Data Explorer. Archived frae the original on 4 Mairch 2016. Retrieved 5 Januar 2014.
6. ↑ "Human Development Report 2010" (PDF). United Nations. 2010. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 21 November 2010. Retrieved 5 November 2010. and "Human Development Index trends, 1980–2010" (PDF). United Nations. 2010. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 1 Apryle 2012. Retrieved 7 November 2010.