Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosna i Hercegovina Босна и Херцеговина
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem:  Državna himna Bosne i Hercegovine Државна химна Босне и Херцеговине ("National Anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina")
Location of  Bosnia and Herzegovina  (green) on the European continent  (dark grey)
Capital and largest city	Sarajevo[1] 43°52′N 18°25′E / 43.867°N 18.417°E / 43.867; 18.417
Official languages (state level)	None[1]
Official languages (entity level)	Bosnian Serbian Croatian
Religion (2013 census)[2]	51% Islam 46% Christianity 31% Orthodoxy 15% Catholicism 3% no religion / others
Demonym(s)	Bosnian, Herzegovinian[3][4][5]
Government	Federal parliamentary republic[5]
• High Representative	Christian Schmidta
• Chairman of the Presidency	Denis Bećirovićd
• Members of the Presidency	Željka Cvijanovićb Željko Komšićc
• Chairwoman of the Council of Ministers	Borjana Krišto
Legislature	Parliamentary Assembly
• Upper house	House of Peoples
• Lower house	House of Representatives
Establishment history
• Bosnia (early medieval polity)	10th century
• Banate of Bosnia	1154
• Kingdom of Bosnia	1377
• Ottoman conquest	1463
• Austro-Hungarian conquest and 1908 annexation	1878
• Creation of Yugoslavia	1 December 1918
• ZAVNOBiH	25 November 1943
• SR Bosnia and Herzegovina within SFR Yugoslavia	29 November 1945
• Independence from Yugoslavia	3 March 1992
• Washington Agreement	18 March 1994
• Dayton Agreement	14 December 1995
Area
• Total	51,129 km2 (19,741 sq mi) (125th)
• Water (%)	1.4%
Population
• 2021 estimate	3,824,782[6] (130th)
• 2013 census	3,531,159[7]
• Density	69/km2 (178.7/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2022 estimate
• Total	$56.432 billion[8] (114th)
• Per capita	$17,363[8] (77th)
GDP (nominal)	2022 estimate
• Total	$23.006 billion[8] (115th)
• Per capita	$7,078[8] (89th)
Gini (2015)	32.7[9] medium · 47th
HDI (2019)	0.780[10] high · 73rd
Currency	Convertible mark (BAM)
Time zone	UTC+01 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02 (CEST)
Date format	d. m. yyyy. (CE)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+387
ISO 3166 code	BA
Internet TLD	.ba
The High Representative is an international civilian overseer of the Dayton Agreement with authority to dismiss elected and non-elected officials and enact legislation. Chair of current presidency (Croat) Current presidency member (Bosniak) Current presidency member (Serb)

Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serbo-Croatian: Bosna i Hercegovina / Босна и Херцеговина, pronounced [bôsna i xěrtseɡoʋina]),^[a] abbreviated BiH (БиХ) or B&H,^[b] sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeastern Europe, located in the Balkans with an area of 51,197 km² and 4,600,000 people. Countries around Bosnia and Herzegovina are Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro. The capital is Sarajevo, and other important cities are Banja Luka, Mostar, Bihać, Zenica and Tuzla. The three largest ethnic groups are Bosniaks, Serbs, and Croats. Most Bosniaks are Sunni Muslim, most Serbs are Serbian Orthodox Christians, and most Croats are Roman Catholic. The majority religion is Islam.

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1} Cite error: The named reference Constitution was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page).
2. ↑ "Bosnia and Herzegovina". United States Department of State. Retrieved 2022-10-20.
3. ↑ "Bosnia and Herzegovina • Country facts • PopulationData.net". PopulationData.net. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
4. ↑ "Danas se iz Norveške kući vraća 13 državljana BiH, a šta je sa ostalima?". MojaBiH (in Bosnian). 5 April 2020. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1} CIA (May 9, 2019). "Bosnia and Herzegovina". The World Factbook. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
6. ↑ "Bosnia and Herzegovina - The World Factbook". www.cia.gov. 3 November 2021. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
7. ↑ ^{7.0 7.1} Agencija za statistiku Bosne i Hercegovine / Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016). "Popis Stanovništva, Domaćinstava i Stanova u Bosni i Hercegovini, 2013: Rezultati Popisa / Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2013: Final Results" (PDF) (in Bosnian and English). Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
8. ↑ ^{8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3} "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". IMF. 14 January 2022. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
9. ↑ "Distribution of family income – Gini index". The World Factbook. TWB. Archived from the original on 29 October 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
10. ↑ Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
11. ↑ Jones, Daniel (2003) [1917], Peter Roach; James Hartmann; Jane Setter (eds.), English Pronouncing Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 3-12-539683-2
12. ↑ "Bosnia". Merriam-Webster Dictionary., "Herzegovina". Merriam-Webster Dictionary.