Caesium

Caesium, ₀₀Cs

Caesium
Pronunciation	/ˈsiːziəm/ ​(SEE-zee-əm)
Alternative name	cesium (US, informal)
Appearance	pale gold
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Cs)
	132.90545196(6)[1]
Caesium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson Rb ↑ Cs ↓ Fr xenon ← caesium → barium
Group	group 1: hydrogen and alkali metals
Period	period 6
Block	s-block
Electron configuration	[Xe] 6s1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	301.7 K ​(28.5 °C, ​83.3 °F)
Boiling point	944 K ​(671 °C, ​1240 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	1.93 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	1.843 g/cm3
Critical point	1938 K, 9.4 MPa[2]
Heat of fusion	2.09 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	63.9 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	32.210 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 418 469 534 623 750 940
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−1, +1[3] (a strongly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 0.79
Ionization energies	1st: 375.7 kJ/mol 2nd: 2234.3 kJ/mol 3rd: 3400 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 265 pm
Covalent radius	244±11 pm
Van der Waals radius	343 pm
Spectral lines of caesium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​body-centered cubic (bcc)
Thermal expansion	97 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	35.9 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	205 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic[4]
Young's modulus	1.7 GPa
Bulk modulus	1.6 GPa
Mohs hardness	0.2
Brinell hardness	0.14 MPa
CAS Number	7440-46-2
History
Naming	from Latin caesius, sky blue, for its spectral colours
Discovery	Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff (1860)
First isolation	Carl Setterberg (1882)
Isotopes of caesium v e
Main isotopes[5] Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct 131Cs synth 9.7 d ε 131Xe 133Cs 100% stable 134Cs synth 2.0648 y ε 134Xe β− 134Ba 135Cs trace 2.3×106 y β− 135Ba 137Cs synth 30.17 y[6] β− 137Ba
Category: Caesium view talk edit | references

Caesium (or cesium) is the chemical element with the atomic number 55 on the periodic table. Its symbol is Cs.

Caesium is an alkali metal. Its melting point is low (28 °C). It is extremely reactive. Because of its high reactivity, it is a dangerous chemical. It may set itself on fire (ignite) in air. It explodes on contact with water. It reacts more violently than the other alkali metals with water. Because of this, caesium is stored in mineral oil.^[7]

Caesium is a rare element. Since there is little caesium on the Earth, it is rather expensive. The human body does not need caesium. In large amounts, its chemical compounds are mildly poisonous because it is close to potassium, which the body does need.

1. ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Caesium". CIAAW. 2013.
2. ↑ Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.121. ISBN 1439855110.
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1} Dye, J. L. (1979). "Compounds of Alkali Metal Anions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 18 (8): 587–598. doi:10.1002/anie.197905871.
4. ↑ "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (87th ed.). CRC press. ISBN 0-8493-0487-3. Retrieved 2010-09-26.
5. ↑ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
6. ↑ ^{6.0 6.1} "NIST Radionuclide Half-Life Measurements". NIST. Retrieved 2011-03-13. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "isotope" defined multiple times with different content
7. ↑ William C. Butterman et al 2004. "Mineral Commodity Profile: Cesium" (PDF). United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2009-12-27.