Colombia

Republic of Colombia República de Colombia  (Spanish)
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "Libertad y Orden" (Spanish) "Freedom and Order"
Anthem: Himno Nacional de la República de Colombia  (Spanish) (English: "National Anthem of the Republic of Colombia")
Location of  Colombia  (dark green) in South America  (grey)
Capital and largest city	Bogotá 4°35′N 74°4′W / 4.583°N 74.067°W / 4.583; -74.067
Official languages	Spanish
Recognized regional languages	68 indigenous languages[a]
Ethnic groups (2005[1][2])	45% Mestizo 20% White/Castizo 20% Mulatto 10% Afro-Colombian 5% Amerindian
Demonym(s)	Colombian
Government	Unitary presidential constitutional republic
• President	Gustavo Petro
• Vice President	Francia Márquez
• President of the Congress	Roy Barreras
• President of the Supreme Court	Aroldo Wilson Quiroz Monsalvo
Legislature	Congress
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	Chamber of Representatives
Independence from Spain
• Declared	July 20, 1810
• Recognized	August 7, 1819
• Last unitarisation	1886
• Current constitution	July 4, 1991
Area
• Total	1,141,748 km2 (440,831 sq mi) (25th)
• Water (%)	8.8 (17th)
Population
• 2022 estimate	52,156,254[3] (27th)
• Density	42.23/km2 (109.4/sq mi) (173rd)
GDP (PPP)	2019 estimate
• Total	$791.995 billion[4] (31st)
• Per capita	$15,719[4]
GDP (nominal)	2019 estimate
• Total	$355.163 billion[4] (32nd)
• Per capita	$7,049[4]
Gini (2017)	49.7[5] high
HDI (2017)	0.747[6] high · 90th
Currency	Peso (COP)
Time zone	UTC−5[b] (COT)
Date format	dd−mm−yyyy (CE)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+57
ISO 3166 code	CO
Internet TLD	.co
^ Although the Colombian Constitution specifies Spanish (Castellano) as the official language in all Colombian territory, other languages spoken in the country by ethnic groups – approximately 68 languages – each is also official in its own territory.[7] English is also official in the archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina.[8] ^ The official Colombian time[9] is controlled and coordinated by the National Institute of Metrology.[10]

Colombia (/kəˈlʌm.biə/ (listen); Spanish: [koˈlom.bja]), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a tropical equatorial country in northern South America. It is in the northwest part of the continent, and it has an area of 1,141,748 kilometres² (440,839 sq mi).

It is the only South American country with coasts on the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea.

The countries that have borders on the continent with Colombia are: Venezuela (east), Brazil (southeast), Peru (south), Ecuador (southwest) and Panama (west). The countries that have borders with Colombia on the sea are: Nicaragua, Panama, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Haiti and Dominican Republic.

More than 51 million people live in Colombia.^[11] It is the third most populated country in Latin America after Mexico and Brazil.

The capital of Colombia is Bogotá. The second city is Medellín, a large industrial center. The third largest city is Cali, home to many multinational companies. The most important city of the country on the Caribbean coast is Barranquilla. It was also the first national port. Cartagena de Indias has a great Spanish wall from the 17th Century and an old town with 500-year-old buildings. After these cities comes Bucaramanga, a large city near the Venezuelan border, and the center of the textile industry in Colombia.

1. ↑ "visibilización estadística de los grupos étnicos" (PDF). Censo General 2005. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadistica (DANE). Retrieved 15 June 2013.
2. ↑ Bushnell, David; Hudson, Rex A. (2010). The Society and Its Environment; Colombia: a country study (PDF). Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, Washington D.C. pp. 87, 92.
3. ↑ "Proyecciones de Población DANE". National Administrative Department of Statistics (Colombia). Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3} "World Economic Outlook Database: Colombia". International Monetary Fund. October 2018. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
5. ↑ "GINI index (World Bank estimate)". World Bank. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
6. ↑ "2018 Human Development Statistical Update" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 September 2018. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
7. ↑ Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title I – Concerning Fundamental Principles – Article 10)
8. ↑ "Ley 47 de 1993" (in Spanish). alcaldiabogota.gov.co. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
9. ↑ "The official Colombian time" (in Spanish). horalegal.inm.gov.co. Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
10. ↑ "Decreto 4175 de 2011, artículo 6, numeral 14" (in Spanish). Presidencia de la República de Colombia. Archived from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
11. ↑ "Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2018: ¿Cuántos somos?". Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística – DANE (in Spanish). Gobierno de Colombia. Retrieved 2020-02-06.